Adhyaya 25

Sutra 1

কZ_০২.২৫.০১ ॥

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Sutra 2

षट्शतमत्ययमन्यत्र कर्तृक्रेतृविक्रेतृऋणां स्थापयेत् ॥ कZ_०२.२५.०२ ॥

He should require a security deposit of six hundred (units), except in cases involving the maker, the buyer, the seller, or debts/creditors.

Sutra 3

ग्रामादनिर्णयणमसम्पातं च सुरायाः प्रमादभयात्कर्मसु ञ्जिर्दिष्टानां मर्यादातिक्रमभयादार्याणामुत्साहभयाच्च तीष्क्णानाम् ॥ कZ_०२.२५.०३ ॥

He should prevent (liquor) from being taken out to villages and prevent unregulated gatherings connected with liquor—out of fear of negligence in assigned duties, fear of boundary/limit violations by those posted for work, and fear that respectable persons may be provoked into excess by the harsh/impetuous.

Sutra 4

लक्षितमल्पं वा चतुर्भागमर्धकुडुबं कुडुबमर्धप्रस्थं प्रस्थं वेति ज्ञातशौचा निर्हरेयुः ॥ कZ_०२.२५.०४ ॥

They should issue (liquor) only in recognized standard small measures—one-fourth, half-kuḍuba, kuḍuba, half-prastha, or a prastha—by attendants whose cleanliness and reliability are known.

Sutra 5

पानागारेषु वा पिबेयुरसंचारिणः ॥ कZ_०२.२५.०५ ॥

Or, those who are not allowed to move about freely (restricted persons) should drink only in the state drinking-houses.

Sutra 6

निक्षेपोपनिधिप्रयोगापहृतानामनिष्टोपगतानां च द्रव्याणां ज्ञानार्थमस्वामिकं कुप्यं हिरण्यं चोपलभ्य निष्केप्तारमन्यत्र व्यपदेशेन ग्राहयेदतिव्ययकर्तारमनायतिव्ययं च ॥ कZ_०२.२५.०६ ॥

To identify property taken through misuse of deposits, concealed treasures, entrusted use, theft, or otherwise gone missing, when ownerless goods or gold are found, the depositor/claimant should be made to identify them (and be detained/seized) by sending him to another place on a pretext; likewise, those who spend excessively and those who incur expenses without visible income should be apprehended.

Sutra 7

न चानर्घेण कालिकां वा सुरां दद्यादन्यत्र दुष्टसुरायाः ॥ कZ_०२.२५.०७ ॥

And one should not sell Kālikā (a type of liquor) or liquor at a price below the proper valuation—except in the case of spoiled liquor.

Sutra 8

तामन्यत्र विक्रापयेत् ॥ कZ_०२.२५.०८ ॥

That (spoiled liquor) should be sold elsewhere (through a separate channel/market).

Sutra 9

दासकर्मकरेभ्यो वा वेतनं दद्यात् ॥ कZ_०२.२५.०९ ॥

Or, wages may be paid to slaves and hired laborers.

Sutra 10

वाहनप्रतिपानं सूकरपोषणं वा दद्यात् ॥ कZ_०२.२५.१० ॥

Or, one may provide for the watering/maintenance of transport animals (or vehicles) and for the feeding/rearing of pigs.

Sutra 11

पानागाराण्यनेककक्ष्याणि विभक्तशयनासनवन्ति पानोद्देशानि गन्धमाल्योदकवन्ति ऋतुसुखानि कारयेत् ॥ कZ_०२.२५.११ ॥

He should have drinking-houses built with many rooms, with separate sleeping and seating arrangements, with designated drinking areas, supplied with perfumes, garlands, and water, and made comfortable according to the seasons.

Sutra 12

तत्रस्थाः प्रकृत्यौत्पत्तिकौ व्ययौ गूढा विद्युः आगन्तूंश्च ॥ कZ_०२.२५.१२ ॥

There, stationed covert agents should learn the patrons’ natural sources of income and their expenditures, and also note incoming visitors.

Sutra 13

क्रेतृऋणां मत्तसुप्तानामलङ्काराच्छादनहिरण्यानि च विद्युः ॥ कZ_०२.२५.१३ ॥

They should also take note of the ornaments, clothing, and gold belonging to buyers and debtors who are intoxicated or asleep.

Sutra 14

तन्नाशे वणिजस्तच्च तावच्च दण्डं दद्युः ॥ कZ_०२.२५.१४ ॥

If those items are lost, the vendor/keeper shall pay that value, and an additional penalty of the same amount.

Sutra 15

वणिजश्स्तु संवृतेषु कक्ष्याविभागेषु स्वदासीभिः पेशलरूपाभिरागन्तूनां वास्तव्यानां चार्यरूपाणां मत्तसुप्तानां भावं विद्युः ॥ कZ_०२.२५.१५ ॥

Merchants, in enclosed and partitioned rooms, should through their own maidservants of pleasing appearance ascertain the condition/intent of newcomers, residents, and those moving about in disguise—especially persons who are intoxicated or asleep.

Sutra 16

मेदकप्रसन्नासवारिष्टमैरेयमधूनाम् ॥ कZ_०२.२५.१६ ॥

(The regulated intoxicants include:) medaka, prasannā, āsava, ariṣṭa, maireya, and madhu (honey/honey-wine).

Sutra 17

उदकद्रोणं तण्डुलानामर्धाढकं त्रयः प्रस्थाः किण्वस्येति मेदकयोगः ॥ कZ_०२.२५.१७ ॥

The formulation for medaka is: one droṇa of water, a half-āḍhaka of rice, and three prasthas of ferment (kiṇva).

Sutra 18

द्वादशाढकं पिष्टस्य पञ्च प्रस्थाः किण्वस्य क्रमुकत्वक्फलयुक्तो वा जातिसम्भारः प्रसन्नायोगः ॥ कZ_०२.२५.१८ ॥

The formulation for prasannā is: twelve āḍhakas of flour/paste and five prasthas of ferment; optionally, an aromatic additive composed of areca (kramuka) bark and fruit may be included.

Sutra 19

कपित्थतुला फाणितं पञ्चतौलिकं प्रस्थो मधुन इत्यासवयोगः ॥ कZ_०२.२५.१९ ॥

The formulation for āsava is: one tulā of kapittha (wood-apple), five taulikas of phāṇita (molasses/concentrated syrup), and one prastha of honey.

Sutra 20

पादधिको ज्येष्ठः पादहीनः कनिष्ठः ॥ कZ_०२.२५.२० ॥

An increase by one quarter makes it “superior”; a decrease by one quarter makes it “inferior”.

Sutra 21

चिकित्सकप्रमाणाः प्रत्येकशो विकाराणामरिष्टाः ॥ कZ_०२.२५.२१ ॥

Ariṣṭas (medicinal fermented preparations) are to be made in the quantities prescribed by physicians, separately for each ailment.

Sutra 22

मेषशृङ्गीत्वक्क्वाथाभिषुतो गुडप्रतीवापः पिप्पलीमरिचसम्भारस्त्रिफलायुक्तो वा मैरेयः ॥ कZ_०२.२५.२२ ॥

Maireya is prepared by fermenting with a decoction of meṣaśṛṅgī-bark, adding jaggery; with a spice mixture of long pepper (pippalī) and black pepper (marica), and optionally combined with triphalā.

Sutra 23

गुडयुक्तानां वा सर्वेषां त्रिफलासम्भारः ॥ कZ_०२.२५.२३ ॥

For all preparations that contain jaggery, there may be an additive mixture of triphalā.

Sutra 24

मृद्वीकारसो मधु ॥ कZ_०२.२५.२४ ॥

Madhu is the juice of grapes.

Sutra 25

तस्य स्वदेशो व्याख्यानं कापिशायनं हारहूरकमिति ॥ कZ_०२.२५.२५ ॥

Its (the liquor’s) ‘home-region’ (recognized provenance/classification) is explained as: Kāpiśāyana and Hārahūraka.

Sutra 26

माषकलनीद्रोणमामं सिद्धं वा त्रिभागाधिकतण्डुलं मोरटादीनां कार्षिकभागयुक्तं किण्वबन्धः ॥ कZ_०२.२५.२६ ॥

For the ferment-binding (kiṇva-bandha): one droṇa of māṣa (black-gram) mash—raw or cooked—together with rice (taṇḍula) in a quantity exceeding it by three parts, and with a kārṣa-measure share of moraṭa and the like added.

Sutra 27

पाठालोघ्रतेजोवत्येलावालुकमधुकमधुरसाप्रियङ्गुदारुहरिद्रामरिचपिप्पलीनां च पञ्चकार्षिकः सम्भारयोगो मेदकस्य प्रसन्नायाश्च ॥ कZ_०२.२५.२७ ॥

A five-kārṣa mixture of supplies—pāṭhā, lodhra, tejovatī, elā, vāluka, madhuka, madhurasā, priyaṅgu, dāru, haridrā, marica, and pippalī—is the prescribed additive-combination for medaka and for prasannā as well.

Sutra 28

मधुकनिर्यूहयुक्ता कटशर्करा वर्णप्रसादनी च ॥ कZ_०२.२५.२८ ॥

Kaṭaśarkarā (a sugar preparation) mixed with madhuka-decoction also serves to clarify/improve the colour (appearance).

Sutra 29

चोचचित्रकविलङ्गगजपिप्पलीनां च कार्षिकः क्रमुकमधुकमुस्तालोध्राणां द्विकार्षिकश्चासवसम्भारः ॥ कZ_०२.२५.२९ ॥

For the āsava supplies: one kārṣa each of coca, citraka, vilaṅga, and gaja-pippalī; and two kārṣas each of kramuka, madhuka, mustā, and lodhra.

Sutra 30

दशभागश्चैषां बीजबन्धः ॥ कZ_०२.२५.३० ॥

For these, the ‘seed/yeast binding’ (bīja-bandha, i.e., starter proportion) is one-tenth.

Sutra 31

प्रसन्नायोगः श्वेतसुरायाः ॥ कZ_०२.२५.३१ ॥

The formulation prescribed for prasannā applies likewise to śveta-surā (white liquor).

Sutra 32

सहकारसुरा रसोत्तरा बीजोत्तरा वा महासुरा सम्भारिकी वा ॥ कZ_०२.२५.३२ ॥

Sahakāra-surā (mango liquor) is either ‘rasottarā’ (juice-dominant) or ‘bījottarā’ (starter/seed-dominant); mahā-surā is ‘sambhārikī’ (ingredient-rich).

Sutra 33

तासां मोरटापलाशपत्तूरमेषशृङ्गीकरञ्जक्षीरवृक्षकषायभावितं दग्धकटशर्कराचूर्णं लोघ्रचित्रकविलङ्गपाठामुस्ताकलिङ्गयवदारुहरिद्रेन्दीवरशतपुष्पापामार्गसप्तपर्णनिम्बास्फोतकल्कार्धयुक्तमन्तर्नखो मुष्टिः कुम्भीं राजपेयां प्रसादयति ॥ कZ_०२.२५.३३ ॥

Of these liquors, a fistful (muṣṭi) of burnt kaṭaśarkarā powder—impregnated with the decoction of moraṭā, palāśa, pattūra, meṣaśṛṅgī, karañja, and kṣīravṛkṣa, and mixed with half a portion of paste of lodhra, citraka, vilaṅga, pāṭhā, mustā, kaliṅga-yava, dāru, haridrā, indīvara, śatapuṣpā, apāmārga, saptaparṇa, nimba, and āsphota—clarifies a jar (kumbhī) of rājapeyā.

Sutra 34

फाणितः पञ्चपलिकश्चात्र रसवृद्धिर्देयः ॥ कZ_०२.२५.३४ ॥

Here, five palas of phāṇita (thick sugar syrup) should be added to increase the rasa (juice/extract) content.

Sutra 35

कुटुम्बिनः कृत्येषु श्वेतसुरामौषधार्थं वारिष्टमन्यद्वा कर्तुं लभेरन् ॥ कZ_०२.२५.३५ ॥

Householders may be permitted, for their domestic functions, to prepare vāriṣṭa (a fermented drink) or another preparation, for the purpose of white liquor and medicinal use.

Sutra 36

उत्सवसमाजयात्रासु चतुरहः सौरिको देयः ॥ कZ_०२.२५.३६ ॥

For festivals, public gatherings, and processions, a four-day permit/fee for the liquor-seller shall be granted (or collected).

Sutra 37

तेष्वननुज्ञातानां प्रहवनान्तं दैवसिकमत्ययं गृह्णीयात् ॥ कZ_०२.२५.३७ ॥

In cases where (sale/production) is not authorized, he shall levy a daily penalty up to the point of confiscation.

Sutra 38

सुराकिण्वविचयं स्त्रियो बालाश्च कुर्युः ॥ कZ_०२.२५.३८ ॥

Women and minors shall carry out the sorting/selection of surā and fermenting agents (kiṇva).

Sutra 39

अराजपण्याः पञ्चकं शतं शुल्कं दद्युः सुरकामेदकारिष्टमधुफलाम्लाम्लशीधूनां च ॥ कZ_०२.२५.३९ ॥

Sellers of non-royal merchandise shall pay an excise duty of one hundred and five (paṇas) on surā, kāmedaka, āriṣṭa, honey(-drink), fruit-sour, sour preparations, and śīdhu.

Sutra 40

तथा वैधरणं कुर्यादुचितं चानुवर्तयेत् ॥ कZ_०२.२५.४०च्द् ॥

Accordingly, he should make the proper adjustment/settlement and enforce what is appropriate.