Rig Veda 8.103.10: Mandala 8, Sukta 103, Mantra 10

Sukta 8.103

Devata: Agni

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्रेष्ठमु प्रियाणां स्तुह्यासावातिथिम् । अग्निं रथानां यमम् ॥

Transliteration

préṣṭhamu priyā́ṇāṃ stuhy āsāv ā́tithim | agníṃ ráthānāṃ yámam ||

Translation

Preist den Liebsten der Lieben, diesen gekommenen Gast: Agni, den yama der Wagen — den, der anjocht und unsere Bewegung lenkt.

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Word by Word

• प्रेष्ठम्: the dearest / most excellent
• प्रेष्ठम्: कर्म (स्तुह्या—‘praise!’: object of praise)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रेष्ठ (प्र-इष्/इष् ‘to seek, desire’ > इष्ठ/एष्ठ superl.)

• उ: indeed; surely
• उ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उ (particle)

• प्रियाणाम्: of the dear (ones)
• प्रियाणाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of the dear ones’)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: प्रिय (adj. ‘dear’)

• स्तुह्य: praise!
• स्तुह्य: (आज्ञार्थ) क्रिया; कर्ता implied ‘त्वम्’
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्तु (धातु ‘to praise’)

• आ: unto; towards
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (preverb)

• स: him
• स: कर्म (object with स्तुह्य; resumes अग्निम्/अतिथिम्)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: स (pronoun)

• अतिथिम्: the guest
• अतिथिम्: कर्म (object of स्तुह्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अतिथि (m. ‘guest’)

• अग्निम्: Agni
• अग्निम्: कर्म (apposition to अतिथिम्)
• Type: Noun (deity name)
• Root: अग्नि (m. ‘Agni’)

• रथानाम्: of chariots
• रथानाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive with यमम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (m. ‘chariot’)

• यमम्: the controller / guide
• यमम्: कर्म (in apposition: ‘Agni, the controller of chariots’)
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: यम (m. ‘restrainer, controller’; also ‘Yama’)