Rig Veda Sukta 38
Mandala 4Sukta 3810 Mantras

Sukta 38

Sukta 4.38

Rishi

Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional for RV 4.38)

Chandas

Triṣṭubh (probable)

Dieser Hymnus feiert die schnelle, siegreiche Kraft (Dadhikrā/Dadhikrāvan), die an der Spitze der Wagen dahinstürmt, Staub aufwirbelt wie strömende Strahlen und Triumph und Freude bringt. Er preist diese leuchtende Macht als Spenderin von Stärke und Weite für die Völker und bittet sie, die Worte des Dichters mit „Honig“ zu füllen – mit Inspiration, Süße und Gelingen. Die Bildwelt verbindet kriegerische Schnelligkeit, solare Helligkeit und opferhafte Heilsamkeit zu einer einzigen wohltätigen Gegenwart.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 4.38

In this hymn

Addressed to

  • AshvinsMantras 1-2Aśvins (Nāsatyā) as divine benefactors (dual 'vām')
  • DadhikraMantras 3-10Dadhikrā (Dadhikrāvan), the swift divine steed/power of victorious movement

    Described as the foremost surging power among chariots, radiant like a warrior, stirring dust that appears as beams, and winning prizes “by thousands and hundreds.” He is praised as a swift benefactor who strengthens and gladdens the community and the singer’s speech.

Mantras

Mantra 1

उतो हि वां दात्रा सन्ति पूर्वा या पूरुभ्यस्त्रसदस्युर्नितोशे । क्षेत्रासां ददथुरुर्वरासां घनं दस्युभ्यो अभिभूतिमुग्रम् ॥

Denn eure sind die uralten Gaben – jene, durch die Trasadasyu für die Pūrus festen Wohnsitz gewann. Ihr gabt ihnen Felder und weite, fruchtbare Räume; und gegen die dunklen Scharen der Dasyus setztet ihr eine zermalmende, gewaltige, überwältigende Macht.

Mantra 2

उत वाजिनं पुरुनिष्षिध्वानं दधिक्रामु ददथुर्विश्वकृष्टिम् । ऋजिप्यं श्येनं प्रुषितप्सुमाशुं चर्कृत्यमर्यो नृपतिं न शूरम् ॥

Und auch gabt ihr den Renner Dadhikrāvan – vielfach vollendet in seinen Leistungen, allen Völkern zugehörig. Ein geradfliegender Falke, gesprenkelt und schnell, unermüdlich kreisend – wie ein edler Herr der Männer, wie ein Held: so ist die Macht, die ihr eingesetzt habt.

Mantra 3

यं सीमनु प्रवतेव द्रवन्तं विश्वः पूरुर्मदति हर्षमाणः । पड्भिर्गृध्यन्तं मेधयुं न शूरं रथतुरं वातमिव ध्रजन्तम् ॥

Ihn, dem alle vielen Völker folgen, jubelnd, wenn er wie ein Strom den Hang hinabstürzt; nach ihm verlangen die Füße – die Kräfte der Bewegung –, nach seiner weisen Kraft: ein Held des Verstehens, siegend durch Wagenmacht, bebend wie der Wind.

Mantra 4

यः स्मारुन्धानो गध्या समत्सु सनुतरश्चरति गोषु गच्छन् । आविॠजीको विदथा निचिक्यत्तिरो अरतिं पर्याप आयोः ॥

Der, der in den Kämpfen die feste Spur festhält, schreitet unablässig voran und geht unter die Strahlenherden (Kühe). In geradlinig schreitender Kraft offenbar, erkennt er die Ordnungen des Opferwirkens (vidáthā) und geht über Unvermögen hinaus, die metallharte Macht umfassend.

Mantra 5

उत स्मैनं वस्त्रमथिं न तायुमनु क्रोशन्ति क्षितयो भरेषु । नीचायमानं जसुरिं न श्येनं श्रवश्चाच्छा पशुमच्च यूथम् ॥

Und die Völker rufen ihm in den Zusammenstößen nach, wie einem Räuber, der die Hülle entreißt. Wie ein Falke, der tief herabstößt, drängt er voran – zum Ruhm (śrávas) und zur Herde, reich an den Kräften des Lebens.

Mantra 6

उत स्मासु प्रथमः सरिष्यन्नि वेवेति श्रेणिभी रथानाम् । स्रजं कृण्वानो जन्यो न शुभ्वा रेणुं रेरिहत्किरणं ददश्वान् ॥

Und unter ihnen ist er der Erste, der voranstürmt; er windet sich hinab durch die geordneten Reihen der Wagen. Gleichsam einen Kranz flechtend, wie ein strahlender Kämpfer, streut er den Staub in strömenden Strahlen – einer, der das Spiel des Lichts geschaut und gemeistert hat.

Mantra 7

उत स्य वाजी सहुरिॠतावा शुश्रूषमाणस्तन्वा समर्ये । तुरं यतीषु तुरयन्नृजिप्योऽधि भ्रुवोः किरते रेणुमृञ्जन् ॥

Und auch dieser vājī, der zäh Ausdauernde, der Träger des ṛta, der mit seinem Leib nach dem Kampf verlangt—er treibt den Schnellen inmitten der Gänge; der Geradgliedrige wirft, im Ansturm, Staub über die Brauen und färbt sich damit.

Mantra 8

उत स्मास्य तन्यतोरिव द्योॠघायतो अभियुजो भयन्ते । यदा सहस्रमभि षीमयोधीद्दुर्वर्तुः स्मा भवति भीम ऋञ्जन् ॥

Und wie der Himmel, der donnert, macht sein Ansturm die Angreifer furchtsam. Wenn tausend gegen ihn zum Kampf antreten, wird der schwer zu durchschreitende Weg schrecklich: er färbt ihn mit Schrecken, ṛñjan, und wendet den Pfad zum Sieg.

Mantra 9

उत स्मास्य पनयन्ति जना जूतिं कृष्टिप्रो अभिभूतिमाशोः । उतैनमाहुः समिथे वियन्तः परा दधिक्रा असरत्सहस्रैः ॥

Und die Menschen rühmen seinen Ansturm—den überwältigenden Sieg des Schnellen, der die Sippen voranträgt. Und von ihm sagen sie, wenn er in der Schlacht umherstreift: „Dadhikrā ist um Tausende vorausgeeilt.“

Mantra 10

आ दधिक्राः शवसा पञ्च कृष्टीः सूर्य इव ज्योतिषापस्ततान । सहस्रसाः शतसा वाज्यर्वा पृणक्तु मध्वा समिमा वचांसि ॥

Möge Dadhikrā, durch seine Kraft, die fünf Völker ausbreiten, wie die Sonne mit ihrem Licht die Wasser weithin spannt. Möge das sieghafte Rennross, das mit Tausenden und Hunderten gewinnt, diese unsere Worte mit Honig, mit süßer Wonne, erfüllen.

Inside Sukta 38

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    Invocation of the swift, leading power associated with ordered chariots and victorious advance.

  2. Development

    The hymn elaborates vivid kinetic imagery—ranks of chariots, dust becoming radiant streams—linking speed with vision, mastery, and auspicious might.

  3. Climax

    Dadhikrā is asked to expand and strengthen the “five peoples” like the Sun spreading the waters by light, uniting communal prosperity with cosmic radiance.

  4. Where it settles

    The poet prays that the victorious racer fill the hymn itself with honeyed delight—sealing success as both outer victory and inner inspiration.

The deity: Dadhikrā, the victorious racer/steed

  • Cosmic functionEmbodies victorious momentum and auspicious speed—an energizing force that carries the sacrifice and the people forward, aligning martial success, order in movement (rathas in ranks), and solar-like spreading of waters/light.
  • Inner significanceRepresents concentrated life-force and disciplined drive (vīrya) that leads the mind and senses in orderly formation, turning agitation (dust) into illumination (rays) and transforming speech into inspired, honeyed utterance.

The seer

  • Vāmadeva GautamaGautama gotra (Vāmadeva of the Gautamas) · A major seer of Maṇḍala 4, renowned for powerful praise-poetry that links divine aid with kingship, victory, and inner illumination; traditionally associated with inspired vision (dhī) and effective hymn-craft.

Famous verses

उत स्मासु प्रथमः सरिष्यन्नि वेवेति श्रेणिभी रथानाम् । स्रजं कृण्वानो जन्यो न शुभ्वा रेणुं रेरिहत्किरणं ददश्वान् ॥
Verse 4.38.6Captures the signature imagery of the sukta: the foremost surge, chariot formations, and dust transformed into light—uniting martial speed with luminous mastery.Read verse 4.38.6 →
pṛṇaktu madhvā sam imā vacāṃsi
Verse 4.38.10Summative prayer: expansion of the five peoples with solar comparison, and the request that the deity fill the poet’s words with honey—linking social flourishing, cosmic order, and inspired speech.Read verse 4.38.10 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Swift, foremost leader in movement
  • Victorious prize-winner (vājin)
  • Radiant/solar comparison (light, rays)
  • Auspicious and protective
  • Inspires sweetness in speech (madhu)
  • Linked to chariot order, martial vigor, and ritual success

Also by this seer

  • Large portions of Rig Veda Maṇḍala 4 attributed to Vāmadeva Gautama and his family tradition
  • Hymns to Indra, Agni, and the Maruts in the Vāmadeva collection (RV 4th Maṇḍala corpus)
  • Later Vedic tradition remembers Vāmadeva as a paradigmatic ṛṣi of mantra-vision and ritual efficacy

The rite, step by step

  • Ācamana and saṅkalpa for victory/auspicious progress and inspired speech
  • Kindling/attending the fire (or facing the dawn-light) and establishing a calm, ordered stance (symbolic of ratha-śreṇi)
  • Recite the sukta (or selected key verses) with clear triṣṭubh cadence, visualizing the leading racer scattering darkness into light
  • Offerings with the refrain/intention of vāja (prize, vigor) and madhu (sweet inspiration)
  • Concluding śānti and dedication of the gained strength to the community (pañca kṛṣṭīḥ)

Offerings

  • Ghee (ājya) into Agni
  • Soma libation where appropriate (or symbolic sweet offering such as madhu)
  • Grains/barley (yava) as vāja-symbol
  • Water oblation (āpah) in alignment with the hymn’s spreading-waters imagery

Frequently Asked Questions

The hymn praises Dadhikrā (Dadhikrāvan), a swift, victorious power pictured like a radiant racer at the head of chariots, bringing success and delight.

It asks for victorious forward movement and strength, and it also prays for inner clarity—so that the poet’s words become “honeyed,” sweet, and effective.

It is especially fitting at dawn or before beginning an important journey, contest, or undertaking where speed, success, and confident inspired speech are desired.

Ask anything about Sukta 38 of the Rig Veda

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