Rig Veda 3.11.5: Mandala 3, Sukta 11, Mantra 5
Sukta 3.11
Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional attribution for RV 3.11)
Devata: Agni
Chandas: Gāyatrī (3 pādas of 8 syllables; this verse is a regular gāyatrī-style trimeter)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अदाभ्यः पुरएता विशामग्निर्मानुषीणाम् । तूर्णी रथः सदा नवः ॥
Transliteration
adā́bhyaḥ pura-etā́ viśām agnír mā́nuṣīṇām | tū́rṇī́ ráthaḥ sadā́ návaḥ ||
Translation
Agni, der Unbezwingbare, schreitet als Führer vor den Menschengeschlechtern her; schnell ist seine Wagenkraft, immer neu.
Word by Word
अदाभ्यःunassailable, unharmed
अदाभ्यः:
Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण कर्तृपदस्य)
TypeAdjective
Rootअदाभ्य- (प्रातिपदिक; a-दाभ्य < √दभ् ‘to harm/deceive’)
पुरएताthe forerunner, leader in front
पुरएता:
Kartā (कर्तृपदस्य नाम/उपाधि)
TypeNoun (agent) / epithet
Rootपुरएतृ- (प्रातिपदिक; पुरस् + एतृ < √इ ‘to go’)
विशाम्of the clans/peoples
विशाम्:
Adhikaraṇa/सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी-सम्बन्धः: ‘of the clans’)
TypeNoun
Rootविश्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘clan, settlement, people’)
अग्निःAgni (fire-god)
अग्निः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि- (प्रातिपदिक)
मानुषीणाम्of the human (ones), of mortals
मानुषीणाम्:
Adhikaraṇa/सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी-सम्बन्धः: ‘of the human (clans)’)
TypeAdjective (used substantively) / Noun
Rootमानुषी- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘human’, स्त्रीलिङ्ग-आधारः)
तूर्णीःswift
तूर्णीः:
Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण कर्तृपदस्य)
TypeAdjective
Rootतूर्णी- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘swift’)
रथःchariot
रथः:
Kartā (उपमा/रूपकवाक्ये)
TypeNoun
Rootरथ- (प्रातिपदिक)
सदाalways
सदा:
Adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरणम्)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा (अव्यय)
नवःnew, ever-fresh
नवः:
Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण कर्तृपदस्य)
TypeAdjective
Rootनव- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘new’)
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