Rig Veda 10.19.4: Mandala 10, Sukta 19, Mantra 4
Sukta 10.19
Rishi: RV 10.19 complex; verify per anukramaṇī.
Devata: Gopā (the Guardian power; functionally a protective deity/power rather than a named god).
Chandas: Likely Anuṣṭubh; verify.
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यन्नियानं न्ययनं संज्ञानं यत्परायणम् । आवर्तनं निवर्तनं यो गोपा अपि तं हुवे ॥
Transliteration
yán niyā́naṃ nyáyanaṃ saṃjñā́naṃ yát parā́yaṇam | āvártanam nivártanam yó gopā́ ápi táṃ huve ||
Translation
Was Hineinführen und Hinabgeleiten ist, wiedervereinigendes Erkennen, und was Fortgehen ist — sowohl das Wenden als auch das Wiederkehren: welchen Hüter, welchen Gopa, es darüber gibt, den rufe ich an.
Word by Word
यत्that which
यत्:
(सम्बन्ध/विशेषण-भावः) — अनिर्णीतः (यत्-तद् सम्बन्धः)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) / यद्-शब्द
नि-यानम्leading down; bringing/going down (a descent, guidance)
नि-यानम्:
(सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य) — ‘यत्’ इत्यस्य विशेष्यम्
TypeNoun
Root√या (याने) + नि- उपसर्ग; क्तिन्/ल्युट्-भावे ‘यान’ (प्रातिपदिक: यान)
नि-अयनम्bringing/going down; a downward course
नि-अयनम्:
(सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य) — ‘यत्’ इत्यस्य विशेष्यम्
TypeNoun
Root√इ (अयने/गत्यर्थे) / √अय् (गत्यर्थ) + नि-; ‘अयन’ (प्रातिपदिक)
सं-ज्ञानम्recognition; understanding; agreement
सं-ज्ञानम्:
(सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Root√ज्ञा (अवबोधने) + सं-; ‘ज्ञान’ (प्रातिपदिक)
यत्and that which
यत्:
(सम्बन्ध/विशेषण-भावः)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
पर-आयणम्going away; departure; final going
पर-आयणम्:
(सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Root√इ/√अय् (गत्यर्थ) + परा- उपसर्ग; ‘आयण’ (प्रातिपदिक)
आ-वर्तनम्turning back; return
आ-वर्तनम्:
(सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Root√वृत् (वर्तने/परिवर्तने) + आ-; ‘वर्तन’ (प्रातिपदिक)
नि-वर्तनम्turning away/back; withdrawal; cessation
नि-वर्तनम्:
(सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Root√वृत् (वर्तने/निवृत्तौ) + नि-; ‘वर्तन’ (प्रातिपदिक)
यःwho
यः:
कर्तृ (हुवे इत्यस्य कर्ता)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
गो-पाःthe cow-guardian; protector (of cattle)
गो-पाः:
कर्तृ-सम्बन्धे विशेषणम् (यः … गोपाः)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक) + √पा (पालने) → ‘गोप’ (प्रातिपदिक)
अपिalso; indeed
अपि:
सम्बन्ध/उपपद-भावः (emphasis/also)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (निपात)
तम्him
तम्:
कर्म (हुवे इत्यस्य)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
हुवेI invoke; I call
हुवे:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√हू (आह्वाने)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
Ask anything about this verse
Answers come straight from the texts, with the shlokas they draw on. Ask in your own words.
Not sure where to start?
A free Google sign-in keeps your chat saved across web and the app.
Read Rig Veda in the Vedapath app
Scan the QR code to open this directly in the app, with word-by-word meanings, Sanskrit recitation where available, and more.