Rig Veda 1.79.2: Mandala 1, Sukta 79, Mantra 2

Sukta 1.79

Rishi: Gotama (Rāhūgaṇa)

Devata: Agni (with storm-release imagery; allied powers approach him)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आ ते सुपर्णा अमिनन्तँ एवैः कृष्णो नोनाव वृषभो यदीदम् । शिवाभिर्न स्मयमानाभिरागात्पतन्ति मिहः स्तनयन्त्यभ्रा ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.79.2

Transliteration

ā́ te supárṇā amínantaṁ évaiḥ | kṛṣṇó nonāva vṛṣabhó yad ī́dam | śivā́bhir ná smáyamānābhir ā́gāt | pátanti míhaḥ stanáyanty abhrā́ ||

Translation

Zu dir kommen die starkbeflügelten Mächte, ungebrochen in ihrem Drang; der dunkle Stier brüllt, wenn dies in Bewegung gesetzt wird. Mit heilvollen, lächelnden Kräften ist er gekommen; die Nebel fliegen, die Wolken donnern — Zeichen des inneren Drucks, der die Wasser der Kraft freigibt.

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Word by Word

• आ: towards, hither
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग) / ā (preverb)

• ते: to you, for you
• ते: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (युष्मद्-प्रातिपदिकम्)

• सुपर्णाः: the fair-winged ones (birds)
• सुपर्णाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सुपर्ण (प्रातिपदिकम्: सु- + पर्ण)

• अमिनन्: they harmed/assailed
• अमिनन्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: मि (धातु; ‘to diminish/injure’), with अ- + caus/ intens?; Vedic aorist form

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम्)

• एवैः: with the swift ones / by swift (means)
• एवैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: एव (प्रातिपदिकम्; ‘swift/impetuous’ in Vedic) / or eva- as adjective stem

• कृष्णः: the dark one
• कृष्णः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (substantive)
• Root: कृष्ण (प्रातिपदिकम्)

• नः: our
• नः: —
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (प्रातिपदिकम्)

• नोनाव: roared, resounded
• नोनाव: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: नु (धातु ‘to praise/sound’?) / or √नव्/नू (Vedic reduplicated perfect-like); traditional RV reading: नोनाव = reduplicated perfect/aorist ‘has roared/sounded’

• वृषभः: the bull (strong one)
• वृषभः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषभ (प्रातिपदिकम्)

• यदि: when, if
• यदि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि (अव्यय)

• इदम्: this (here), this situation
• इदम्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम्)

• शिवाभिः: with auspicious (ones)
• शिवाभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शिव (प्रातिपदिकम्)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)

• स्मयमानाभिः: with smiling (ones)
• स्मयमानाभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Participle/Adjective
• Root: स्मि (धातु ‘to smile’) + शानच् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)

• आगात्: came, arrived
• आगात्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु) + आ (उपसर्ग)

• पतन्ति: they fly, they fall
• पतन्ति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: पत् (धातु ‘to fly/fall’)

• मिहः: mists, drizzles
• मिहः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: मिह् (प्रातिपदिकम्; ‘mist, drizzle’)

• स्तनयन्ति: they thunder
• स्तनयन्ति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्तनय् (धातु ‘to thunder’)

• अभ्राः: clouds
• अभ्राः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अभ्र (प्रातिपदिकम्)