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Kapilādhenudāna-māhātmya
Ritual-Manual (Dāna-vidhi and Phalaśruti) with Ethical-Discourse on bovine care
在伐罗诃(Varāha)与大地女神(Pṛthivī)的教诲框架中,本章由叙述者引出,宣说“卡毗拉母牛布施”(kapilādhenudāna)之功德,即布施一头黄褐色的卡毗拉牛。经文规定应连同牛犊一并施与,并以饰物与宝石庄严,强调合乎仪轨(vidhāna)。随后列举对母牛的日常敬奉:礼敬自牛首滴落之水、绕行右旋(pradakṣiṇā)、以牛尿沐浴等,皆被称能消除久积之罪业(pāpa)。又说布施一头卡毗拉牛等同布施千牛,并将功德延伸至实际护养:梳理、守护、饲喂饥饿之牛群。文中列出按毛色区分的牛之类型,最后总结:将此牛布施给婆罗门(brāhmaṇa),可得世间受用与解脱(mokṣa),使布施与持续护生护地相应。
Verse 1
अथ कपिलाधेनुदानमाहात्म्यम् ॥ होतॊवाच ॥ अथातः सम्प्रवक्ष्यामि कपिलां धेनुमुत्तमाम् ॥ यत्प्रदानान्नरो याति विष्णुलोकमनुत्तमम् ॥
如今(开始)赞颂施赠黄褐色母牛之功德。祭司霍塔说:“我今当宣说最上之黄褐母牛;施与此牛者,得往无上之毗湿奴界。”
Verse 2
पूर्वोक्तेन विधानॆन दद्याद्धेनुं सवत्सकाम् ॥ सर्वालङ्कारसंयुक्तां सर्वरत्नसमन्विताम् ॥
依先前所说之仪轨,当施一母牛并其犊,具足一切庄严,备有种种宝珠。
Verse 3
कपिलायाः शिरो ग्रीवा सर्वतीर्थानि भामिनि ॥ पितामहनीयॊगाच्च निवसन्ति हि निश्चयः ॥
光辉者啊,黄褐母牛之首与颈中,诸一切圣地渡口(tīrtha)皆住其中;此乃由祖父梵天之法令,确然无疑。
Verse 4
प्रातरुत्थाय यो मर्त्यः कपिलागलमस्तकात् ॥ च्युतं तु भक्त्या पानीयं शिरसा वन्दते शुचिः ॥
凡人清晨起身,守净而以信敬之心,顶礼那自黄褐母牛之颈与首滴落、可饮之水者,得获功德。
Verse 5
स तेन पुण्यतोयेन तत्क्षणाद्दग्धकिल्बिषः ॥ त्रिंशद्वर्षकृतं पापं दहत्यग्निरिवेन्धनम् ॥
由此福德之水,他于当下即焚尽罪垢;能烧尽三十年所积之罪,如火焚柴。
Verse 6
कल्यमुत्थाय यो मर्त्यः कुर्यात्तासां प्रदक्षिणम् ॥ प्रदक्षिणी कृता तेन पृथिवी स्याद्वसुन्धरे ॥
凡人清晨起身,恭敬右绕彼等(母牛)而行;由此,噢“持财之地”婆孙陀罗,仿佛连大地本身也被他右绕了一周。
Verse 7
प्रदक्षिणेन चैकेन श्रद्धायुक्तेन तत्क्षणात् ॥ दशजन्मकृतं पापं तस्य नश्यत्यसंशयम् ॥
只要以信心行一次右绕,当下便能无疑灭尽十世所积之罪。
Verse 8
कपिलायास्तु मूत्रेण स्नायाच्चैव शुचिव्रतः । स गङ्गादिषु तीर्थेषु स्नातो भवति मानवः ॥
守持清净戒行者,亦当以黄褐色母牛(迦毗罗牛)之尿沐浴;此人便如同已在恒河等诸圣地渡口(tīrtha)沐浴一般。
Verse 9
तेन स्नानेन चैकेन भावयुक्तेन वै नरः ॥ यावज्जीवकृतात्पापान्मुच्यते नात्र संशयः ॥
仅凭此一次沐浴,若具正当之心与内在诚意,便能解脱一生所作诸罪;对此毫无疑惑。
Verse 10
गवामस्थि ततोऽप्येतन्मृतगन्धेन दूषयेत् ॥ यावज्जिघ्रति तं गन्धं तावत्पुण्यैस्तु पूर्यते ॥
即便是牛之骨,也会(按常理)被尸臭所染;然而只要人嗅闻那气味,便在那段时间里充满福德(puṇya)。
Verse 11
गवां कण्डूयनं श्रेष्ठं तथा च परिपालनम् ॥ तुल्यं गोशतदानस्य भयरोगादिपालने ॥
对牛最上等的侍奉,是为其止痒,并加以护持与照料;使其免于恐惧、疾病等诸患,被说为等同于布施一百头牛。
Verse 12
तृणादिकानि यो दद्यात्क्षुधितेन गवाऽह्निकम् ॥ गोमेधस्य फलं दिव्यं लभते मानवोत्तमः ॥
凡以青草等物,作为每日口粮施与饥饿之牛者,便得与“牛祭”(gomedha)相应的神圣果报,噫,至善之人。
Verse 13
विमानैर्विविधैर्दिव्यैः कन्याभिरभितोऽर्पितैः ॥ सेव्यमानः सुगन्धैर्वै दीप्यमान इवाग्नयः ॥
他受诸般天界飞车(vimāna)所礼敬,四周又有少女奉献侍立;芬芳环绕侍奉,他光耀如烈火炽燃。
Verse 14
सुवर्णकपिला पूर्वं द्वितीया गौरपिङ्गला ॥ तृतीया चैव रक्ताक्षी चतुर्थी गुडपिङ्गला ॥
第一为金色的卡毗罗(kapilā);第二为黄褐色的平伽罗(piṅgalā);第三确为赤眼者;第四为带甘蜜(如糖蜜)色泽的平伽罗。
Verse 15
पञ्चमी बहुवर्णा स्यात्षष्ठी च श्वेतपिङ्गला ॥ सप्तमी श्वेतपिङ्गाक्षी त्वष्टमी कृष्णपिङ्गला ॥
第五应为杂色;第六为白色平伽罗;第七为白平伽罗之眼;第八为黑色平伽罗。
Verse 16
नवमी पाटला ज्ञेया दशमी पुच्छपिङ्गला ॥ एकादशी खुरश्वेता त्वेतासां सर्वलक्षणाः ॥
第九应知为玫瑰色(pāṭalā);第十为尾呈黄褐色;第十一为蹄白——以上即其全部识别特征。
Verse 17
सर्वलक्षणसंयुक्ता सर्वालङ्कृतसुन्दरी ॥ ब्राह्मणाय प्रदातव्या भुक्तिमुक्तिप्रदायिनी ॥
具足一切相好、装饰华美的她,应当施与婆罗门;据说此施能赐予世间受用与解脱(mokṣa)之果。
Verse 18
भुक्तिमुक्तिप्रदा तेषां विष्णुमार्गप्रदायिनी ॥
对他们而言,它赐予受用与解脱,并被称为能授与通向毗湿奴(Viṣṇu)之道。
Verse 19
गोसहस्रं च यो दद्यादेकां वा कपिलां नरः ॥ सममेतत्पुरा प्राह ब्रह्मा लोकपितामहः ॥
无论有人施舍一千头牛,或仅施舍一头kapilā(黄褐色)母牛——久远以前,世界之祖梵天(Brahmā)已宣说二者等同。
Within the Varāha–Pṛthivī didactic frame, the discourse turns to dāna-vidhi centered on the kapilā (tawny) cow, introduced in an instructive, quasi-manual tone that foregrounds correct form (vidhāna) and the sacred status of the cow.
A prescriptive exposition of kapilādhenudāna: the cow is to be donated with her calf, properly adorned (ornaments, gems), and given to a brāhmaṇa; the chapter then expands the ‘gift’ into a daily discipline of reverent interactions—honoring water fallen from the cow’s head, performing pradakṣiṇā, and śauca practices involving gomūtra—each framed as pāpa-kṣaya across vast time spans.
The merit is intensified through equivalence claims (one kapilā cow equals a thousand cows) and broadened ethically: go-sevā—grooming, protecting, and feeding hungry cattle—becomes a parallel (and ongoing) form of dharma, aligning ritual donation with sustained stewardship of living beings.
Giving a kapilā cow (with proper vidhāna) to a brāhmaṇa yields bhukti and mukti—worldly enjoyment/prosperity and final liberation—while daily reverence and care remove accumulated pāpa and confer tīrtha-like purity.
No specific terrestrial sites are named; the text references sacred waters in general terms via comparison to Gaṅgā and other tīrthas (gaṅgādi-tīrtha).
The text instructs that merit is generated not only through formal dāna (donation) but also through sustained go-sevā: protecting, grooming, and feeding cattle. This frames moral action as both ritual correctness (vidhāna) and practical care, presenting an ethics of responsibility toward living beings that indirectly supports terrestrial well-being (Pṛthivī-centered stewardship).
No tithi, nakṣatra, māsa, or seasonal timing is specified. The practices are presented as daily or situational actions (e.g., prātaḥ—morning rising; kalyam utthāya—rising at an auspicious time; feeding when cattle are hungry), indicating a routine discipline rather than calendar-fixed observance.
While not explicitly ecological in modern terms, the chapter valorizes protection and maintenance of cattle (paripālana, kaṇḍūyana, feeding), which implies a model of terrestrial balance: sustaining domesticated animals as part of agrarian life and resource cycles. In a Varāha–Pṛthivī interpretive frame, these prescriptions function as practical stewardship supporting the stability and productivity of the Earth.
The chapter references Brahmā as lokapitāmaha and invokes Pitāmaha-niyoga (assignment by the Grandfather figure) regarding sacred presences associated with the kapilā cow. No royal dynasties or administrative lineages are named in the provided passage.
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