Rig Veda 8.40.2: Mandala 8, Sukta 40, Mantra 2
Sukta 8.40
Rishi: Nabhāka (traditional for this hymn)
Devata: Indra (within an Indrāgnī hymn-frame; this verse foregrounds Indra)
Chandas: Jagatī (probable; needs metrical verification)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
नहि वां वव्रयामहेऽथेन्द्रमिद्यजामहे शविष्ठं नृणां नरम् । स नः कदा चिदर्वता गमदा वाजसातये गमदा मेधसातये नभन्तामन्यके समे ॥
Transliteration
náhi vā́ṃ vavráyāmahe ’théndram íd yajāmahe śáviṣṭhaṃ nṛṇā́ṃ náram | sá naḥ kadā́ cíd árvatā gámadā́ vā́ja-sātaye gámadā́ médha-sātaye nábhantām anyaké samé ||
Translation
我们并不欲将你们拒之门外；相反，我们唯独祭祀因陀罗（Indra）——人中最强力者、众人之英雄。愿他有时乘其骏马来到我们这里，为赢得vāja——力量的丰盈，也为赢得medhā——光明的智慧；愿其余者在同一竞技之场被驱逐他往。
Word by Word
नहिsurely not / indeed not
नहि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनहि (न + हि)
वाम्you two (acc./gen.)
वाम्:
कर्म (यजामहे/वव्रयामहे इत्यस्य) / सम्बन्ध
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
वव्रयामहेwe have chosen (for ourselves)
वव्रयामहे:
कर्तृ (वयम्)
TypeVerb
Root√वृ (वृणोति/वृणुते) ‘वरणे/वृणुते’
अथthen / and then
अथ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
इन्द्रम्Indra
इन्द्रम्:
कर्म (यजामहे)
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र
इत्indeed / just
इत्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइत् (इद्)
यजामहेwe worship / we sacrifice to
यजामहे:
कर्तृ (वयम्)
TypeVerb
Root√यज्
शविष्ठम्the most mighty
शविष्ठम्:
कर्म-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootशविष्ठ (शवस्-तमप्)
नृणाम्of men
नृणाम्:
सम्बन्ध (नरम् इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootनृ
नरम्the man/hero
नरम्:
कर्म (यजामहे)
TypeNoun
Rootनर
सःhe
सः:
कर्तृ (गमदाति)
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
नःto us / for us
नः:
सम्प्रदान (आगमनस्य) / सम्बन्ध
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
कदाwhen
कदा:
अधिकरण (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदा
चित्even / ever
चित्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचित्
अर्वताwith a steed / by (his) horse
अर्वता:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootअर्वत्
गमदात्may he come
गमदात्:
कर्तृ (सः)
TypeVerb
Root√गम्
वाजसातयेfor winning prizes/strength
वाजसातये:
सम्प्रदान (उद्देश्य)
TypeNoun
Rootवाजसाति
गमदात्may he come
गमदात्:
कर्तृ (सः)
TypeVerb
Root√गम्
मेधसातयेfor winning wisdom/skill
मेधसातये:
सम्प्रदान (उद्देश्य)
TypeNoun
Rootमेधसाति
नभन्ताम्let them burst forth / let them spring up
नभन्ताम्:
कर्तृ (ते/अन्ये)
TypeVerb
Root√नभ्
अन्यकेin another (assembly) / among others
अन्यके:
अधिकरण (समे इत्यस्य) / विशेषण
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootअन्यक
समेin the gathering/assembly
समे:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootसम
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