Rig Veda Sukta 40
Mandala 4Sukta 405 Mantras

Sukta 40

Sukta 4.40

Rishi

Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata

Dadhikrāvan (primary); associated powers: Uṣas, Apas, Agni, Sūrya, Bṛhaspati, Angirasa

Chandas

Triṣṭubh (probable)

这首短颂赞颂达提克拉梵——那迅疾而得胜的力量,常被想象为神圣的骏马或太阳之鸟——催促歌者在诸黎明及其同盟神力(诸水、阿耆尼、苏利耶、布里哈斯帕提、安吉罗萨)之中奋进。诗中称扬其速度、如风的冲势与护佑之威,最终以深邃的象征句作结:那“天鹅”栖坐于多重境界,表明此神即与ṛta(宇宙的真实/秩序)同一。

Mantras

Mantra 1

दधिक्राव्ण इदु नु चर्किराम विश्वा इन्मामुषसः सूदयन्तु । अपामग्नेरुषसः सूर्यस्य बृहस्पतेराङ्गिरसस्य जिष्णोः ॥

如今确然,我们要宣扬达提克拉梵(Dadhikrāvan);愿一切黎明女神都催策我前行——水之黎明、阿耆尼(Agni)之黎明、太阳之黎明、布里哈斯帕提(Bṛhaspati)之黎明、安吉罗萨(Aṅgirasa)之黎明——那位得胜者的黎明。

Mantra 2

सत्वा भरिषो गविषो दुवन्यसच्छ्रवस्यादिष उषसस्तुरण्यसत् । सत्यो द्रवो द्रवरः पतंगरो दधिक्रावेषमूर्जं स्वर्जनत् ॥

他是强力之有情,携来丰饶,追寻光明之牛(诸光线);他赢得所愿之声名,是黎明女神的冲力,行进迅疾。其奔走真实,为奔者之奔者,亦如翼翔之飞者;达提克拉梵在我们之中生起滋养、力量,并生起内在的天光。

Mantra 3

उत स्मास्य द्रवतस्तुरण्यतः पर्णं न वेरनु वाति प्रगर्धिनः । श्येनस्येव ध्रजतो अङ्कसं परि दधिक्राव्णः सहोर्जा तरित्रतः ॥

而且,当他在迅疾的冲势中奔走时,风追随其后,如同被强者驱动、随风飘飞的叶。又如鹰隼颤动的飞羽,达提克拉万(Dadhikrāvan)的雄力与威能环绕着他,使他越渡而过。

Mantra 4

उत स्य वाजी क्षिपणिं तुरण्यति ग्रीवायां बद्धो अपिकक्ष आसनि । क्रतुं दधिक्रा अनु संतवीत्वत्पथामङ्कांस्यन्वापनीफणत् ॥

而这匹丰盛之骏马以迅疾的加速奔腾:颈上系缚,胁旁贴紧鞍座。达提克拉(Dadhikrā)循随意志(kratu),以圆满的自持;沿着道路,他屈伸转折,驯服行途的曲线。

Mantra 5

हंसः शुचिषद्वसुरन्तरिक्षसद्धोता वेदिषदतिथिर्दुरोणसत् । नृषद्वरसदृतसद्व्योमसदब्जा गोजा ऋतजा अद्रिजा ऋतम् ॥

天鹅——栖于清净者;光辉者安坐于中界;祭司安坐于祭坛;宾客安坐于家室。安坐于人中,安坐于至上,安坐于真理(ṛta),安坐于广大苍穹;生于诸水,生于诸光线,生于ṛta,生于岩石——他即是ṛta本身。

Frequently Asked Questions

Dadhikrāvan is praised as a swift, victorious divine force—often pictured like a powerful steed or solar-bird energy—that carries the worshipper forward and protects the undertaking.

The hymn links Dadhikrāvan to a whole chain of supportive powers: dawn-renewal (Uṣas), purification (Waters), fiery will (Agni), illumination (Sūrya), and inspired sacred speech/priestly force (Bṛhaspati/Aṅgirasa).

It says the ‘Swan’—a symbol of pure, luminous consciousness—is present in many places (sky, altar, home, within people) and is born from waters and light; ultimately it is identified with Ṛta, the principle of truth and right order.

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