Rig Veda 4.39.3: Mandala 4, Sukta 39, Mantra 3
Sukta 4.39
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for Maṇḍala 4)
Devata: Dadhikrāvan (divine horse-power), with invoked powers: Agni, Uṣas, Aditi, Mitra-Varuṇa
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 4.39; verse appears triṣṭubh-like)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यो अश्वस्य दधिक्राव्णो अकारीत्समिद्धे अग्ना उषसो व्युष्टौ । अनागसं तमदितिः कृणोतु स मित्रेण वरुणेना सजोषाः ॥
Transliteration
yó aśvásya dadhikrā́vṇo ákārīt sámiddhe agnā́ uṣáso vyùṣṭau | anā́gasaṃ tám áditiḥ kṛṇotu sá mitréṇa váruṇenā sajóṣāḥ ||
Translation
凡为达提克拉梵（Dadhikrāvan），那马力之骏，制成供献之行者——当阿耆尼（Agni）于黎明广阔开启之际被点燃；愿阿底提（Aditi）使其无罪无垢、内无过咎；愿他与密特罗（Mitra）与伐楼那（Varuṇa）同心同德，和合相应。
Word by Word
यःwho (he who)
यः:
Kartā (यः = कर्तृ-सम्बन्धी) / सम्बन्धः
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अश्वस्यof the horse
अश्वस्य:
सम्बन्धः (genitive: ‘of the horse’)
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
दधिक्राव्णःof Dadhikrāvan (the divine steed)
दधिक्राव्णः:
सम्बन्धः (genitive: ‘of Dadhikrāvan’)
TypeNoun (proper/epithet)
Rootदधिक्रावन् (प्रातिपदिक; अश्व-देवता/अश्व-नाम)
अकारीत्has done / performed
अकारीत्:
Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया) / कर्तृ-क्रिया सम्बन्धः
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
समिद्धेin/at the kindled (fire)
समिद्धे:
Adhikaraṇa (locative: ‘when/where kindled’)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootसम्-इध् → समिद्ध (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
अग्नौin the fire
अग्नौ:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
उषसःof Dawn
उषसः:
सम्बन्धः
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिक)
व्युष्टौat the dawning / at daybreak
व्युष्टौ:
Adhikaraṇa (time: ‘at dawn’s breaking’)
TypeNoun
Rootवि-उष् → व्युष्टि (प्रातिपदिक)
अनागसम्sinless, guiltless
अनागसम्:
Karma (object complement with कृणोतु) / विशेष्य-विशेषणभावः
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्-आगस् (प्रातिपदिक; नञ्-समास)
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अदितिःAditi
अदितिः:
Kartā
TypeNoun (deity)
Rootअदिति (प्रातिपदिक)
कृणोतुmay (she) make
कृणोतु:
Kriyā (आशीर्वाद/विधि)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
सःhe
सः:
Kartā (of implied ‘be/act’) / विषयः
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
मित्रेणwith Mitra
मित्रेण:
Karaṇa / सहकारक (instrumental of association)
TypeNoun (deity)
Rootमित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
वरुणेनwith Varuṇa
वरुणेन:
Karaṇa / सहकारक
TypeNoun (deity)
Rootवरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
सजोषाःin concord / in joint fellowship
सजोषाः:
Kartṛ-sāmānādhikaraṇya (predicate of सः)
TypeAdjective (predicative)
Rootस-जोṣस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘together-in-pleasure/accord’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
Ask anything about this verse
Answers come straight from the texts, with the shlokas they draw on. Ask in your own words.
Not sure where to start?
A free sign-in with Google or Apple keeps your chat saved across web and the app.
Read Rig Veda in the Vedapath app
Scan the QR code to open this directly in the app, with word-by-word meanings, Sanskrit recitation where available, and more.