Rig Veda 3.3.1: Mandala 3, Sukta 3, Mantra 1
Sukta 3.3
Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional attribution for Maṇḍala 3)
Devata: Agni Vaiśvānara
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 3.3)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
वैश्वानराय पृथुपाजसे विपो रत्ना विधन्त धरुणेषु गातवे । अग्निर्हि देवाँ अमृतो दुवस्यत्यथा धर्माणि सनता न दूदुषत् ॥
Transliteration
vaiśvānará̄ya pṛthu-pā́jase vípo rátnā vidhanta dharuṇéṣu ca gā́tave | agnír hí devā́n amṛ́to duvasyáty áthā dhármāṇi sanatā́ ná dū́duṣat ||
Translation
为毗湿瓦那罗（Vaiśvānara），广阔其光辉者，诸仙智者（vipra）营造珍宝，并奠立坚固的依止，使我等得以行进。因为阿耆尼不死，真实地奉事诸天；因此真理之永恒法则（dharma）不致亏缺，也不致紊乱。
Word by Word
वैश्वानरायto Vaiśvānara (Agni)
वैश्वानराय:
सम्प्रदान
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्वानर (प्रातिपदिक; अग्नि-विशेष)
पृथुपाजसेto the broad-radiant (one)
पृथुपाजसे:
सम्प्रदान
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootपृथुपाजस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘broad/strong-radiant’)
विपःthe seers/poets
विपः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootविप्/विप्र (प्रातिपदिक; ‘sage/poet’)
रत्नानिtreasures, gifts
रत्नानि:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootरत्न (प्रातिपदिक)
विधन्तthey bestow/arrange
विधन्त:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√धा (दधाति) उपसर्ग: वि-; रूपम्: विधन्त
धरुणेषुin the supports/foundations
धरुणेषु:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootधरुण (प्रातिपदिक; ‘support, foundation, firm place’)
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
गातवेto go/advance (or: to sing)
गातवे:
प्रयोजन (उद्देश्य) / सम्प्रदान-भाव
TypeKṛdanta (infinitive)
Root√गा (गायति/गाति) → गातु (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक ‘going/singing’); दत्तिविभक्ति
अग्निःAgni
अग्निः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
हिfor/indeed
हि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
देवान्the gods
देवान्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
अमृतःimmortal
अमृतः:
कर्तृ (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअमृत (प्रातिपदिक)
दुवस्यतिhe serves/honors
दुवस्यति:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√दुवस्/√द्वस् (वेद. ‘to honor, serve, worship’) → दुवस्यति
अथाthen/thus
अथा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथा
धर्माणिordinances, established rites/laws
धर्माणि:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
सनताfrom ancient times
सनता:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसनत् (अव्यय/निपात; ‘from of old, eternally’)
नnot
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
दूदुषत्he did not impair/spoil
दूदुषत्:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√दुष् (to spoil, harm) → दूदुषत् (वेद. reduplicated aorist/परफेक्ट-प्राय injunctive)
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