Rig Veda 2.20.3: Mandala 2, Sukta 20, Mantra 3
Sukta 2.20
Rishi: Gṛtsamada
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
स नो युवेन्द्रो जोहूत्रः सखा शिवो नरामस्तु पाता । यः शंसन्तं यः शशमानमूती पचन्तं च स्तुवन्तं च प्रणेषत् ॥
Transliteration
sá no yúvendro johū́traḥ sákhā śivó narā́m astu pātā́ | yáḥ śáṃsantaṃ yáḥ śaśamānám ūtī́ pácantaṃ ca stuvántaṃ ca prá-neṣat ||
Translation
愿那青春的因陀罗为我们作呼唤之友，作吉祥的同伴，作人类的护卫者——他以援助引领前行：那宣告者，那勤作不息者，那烹备祭馔者，那赞颂者。
Word by Word
सःhe (that one)
सः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
नःof us / for us
नः:
Sampradāna
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
युवेन्द्रःthe young Indra
युवेन्द्रः:
Kartā
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootयुवन् (प्रातिपदिक) + इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
जोहूत्रःmuch-invoking / oft-calling (at the sacrifice)
जोहूत्रः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective (kṛdanta)
Rootहु (धातु) → जोहूत्र (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; intensive/iterative sense ‘frequently invoking/oblation-offering’)
सखाfriend
सखा:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootसखि (प्रातिपदिक)
शिवःkind, auspicious
शिवः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootशिव (प्रातिपदिक)
नlike
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
नराम्of men
नराम्:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun
Rootनृ (प्रातिपदिक)
अस्तुlet (him) be
अस्तु:
—
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
पाताprotector
पाता:
Kartā
TypeNoun (agent)
Rootपा (धातु ‘पालने/रक्षणे’) → पातृ (प्रातिपदिक) / पाता (नृवाचक-कर्तरि)
यःwho
यः:
Kartā
TypePronoun (relative)
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
शंसन्तम्the praising one
शंसन्तम्:
Karma
TypeParticiple
Rootशंस् (धातु ‘स्तुतौ/प्रशंसायाम्’) → शंसन्त् (वर्तमान-कृदन्त)
यःwho
यः:
Kartā
TypePronoun (relative)
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
शशमानम्the striving/peace-seeking (devotee)
शशमानम्:
Karma
TypeParticiple
Rootशम् (धातु ‘शमने/शान्तौ’) → शशमान (वर्तमान-कृदन्त; ‘seeking peace/being devoted’)
ऊतीwith help / by aid
ऊती:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootअव्/ऊ (प्रातिपदिक) → ऊति (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिक ‘help, aid’)
पचन्तम्the cooking (offerer)
पचन्तम्:
Karma
TypeParticiple
Rootपच् (धातु ‘पाके’) → पचन्त् (वर्तमान-कृदन्त)
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
स्तुवन्तम्the praising (singer)
स्तुवन्तम्:
Karma
TypeParticiple
Rootस्तु (धातु ‘स्तुतौ’) → स्तुवन्त् (वर्तमान-कृदन्त)
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
प्रणेषत्led forward / guided
प्रणेषत्:
—
TypeVerb
Rootनी (धातु ‘नयने’) + प्र (उपसर्ग) → प्र-नेष् (causative stem) / प्रणेṣ (aorist)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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