Rig Veda 5.49.5: Mandala 5, Sukta 49, Mantra 5

Sukta 5.49

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) (traditional attribution for Mandala 5 hymns; specific verse-level r̥ṣi not separately marked here)

Devata: Vasus; Mitra-Varuṇa; with Heaven-and-Earth (Dyāvā-Pṛthivī) as sustaining powers

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable, by verse length and Mandala 5 norm; requires metrical counting for full confirmation)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्र ये वसुभ्य ईवदा नमो दुर्ये मित्रे वरुणे सूक्तवाचः । अवैत्वभ्वं कृणुता वरीयो दिवस्पृथिव्योरवसा मदेम ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 5.49.5

Transliteration

prá ye vásubhya ī́vadā námo dúrye mitré váruṇe sūktá-vācaḥ | aváitv ábhvaṁ kṛṇutá várīyo diváḥpṛthivyór avásā madema ||

Translation

Forward go our words of good utterance, bearing the homage that reaches the Vasus, and that is hard to resist for Mitra and Varuṇa. Let the vast obstruction sink away; make for us a wider, freer path. By the fostering power of Heaven and Earth may we grow glad in the inner plenitude.

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Word by Word

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• ये: who (those who)
• ये: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• वसुभ्यः: to the Vasus
• वसुभ्यः: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसु (prātipadika)

• ईवदा: in such a manner; thus
• ईवदा: —
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ईवद् (prātipadika; Vedic)

• नमः: obeisance, homage
• नमः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नमस् (prātipadika)

• दुर्ये: in the hard (time/place); in difficulty
• दुर्ये: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुर्य (prātipadika)

• मित्रे: in/for Mitra
• मित्रे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्र (prātipadika)

• वरुणे: in/for Varuṇa
• वरुणे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: वरुण (prātipadika)

• सूक्तवाचः: (we) of well-spoken speech; hymn-speaking
• सूक्तवाचः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सूक्त-वाच् (compound prātipadika: सूक्त ‘well-spoken hymn’ + वाच् ‘speech’)

• अवैतु: let (it) go down/away; let (it) depart
• अवैतु: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव √इ (इण्) ‘to go’ with preverb अव

• अभ्वम्: harm, evil; monstrous thing
• अभ्वम्: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अभ्व (prātipadika)

• कृणुत: make! do!
• कृणुत: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (करोति) ‘to make, do’

• वरीयः: wider, better, more spacious (state/path)
• वरीयः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वरीयस् (comparative of उरु/वर ‘wide, broad’)

• दिवः: of heaven
• दिवः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्/द्यौ (prātipadika)

• पृथिव्योः: of heaven-and-earth (lit. of the two earths; dyāvāpṛthivī)
• पृथिव्योः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी (prātipadika)

• अवसा: with help, by favor
• अवसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवस् (prātipadika)

• मदेम: may we rejoice
• मदेम: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मद् ‘to be glad, rejoice’