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Rig Veda 2.4.1: Mandala 2, Sukta 4, Mantra 1

Sukta 2.4

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (traditional for RV 2.4)
Devata: Agni (Jātavedas)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; needs metrical verification)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

हुवे वः सुद्योत्मानं सुवृक्तिं विशामग्निमतिथिं सुप्रयसम् । मित्र इव यो दिधिषाय्यो भूद्देव आदेवे जने जातवेदाः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 2.4.1
Transliteration

huvé vaḥ su-dyótmānaṃ su-vṛktíṃ viśā́m agním atíthiṃ su-práyasam | mítra iva yó didhiṣā́yyo bhūd devá ā́deve jáne jā́tavedāḥ ||

Translation

I call to you the well-luminous Agni, the perfect in utterance, the guest of the peoples, rich in plenitude of giving. Like Mitra, he becomes the one to be firmly established; a god among those who are not yet godlike, Jātavedas born with the knowledge.

Word by Word
हुवेI invoke / I call
हुवे:
क्रिया (वक्ता-कर्तृक) / मुख्यक्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√हू (ह्वे) ‘आह्वाने’
वःyou (pl.) / for you
वः:
सम्प्रदान (आह्वानस्य प्रति) / संबन्ध
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सुद्योत्मानम्the well-radiant (one)
सुद्योत्मानम्:
कर्म (हुवे—कं?)
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootसुद्योत्मन् (सु- + द्योत्मन् ‘दीप्ति/तेजस्’)
सुवृक्तिम्a well-fashioned hymn / good praise
सुवृक्तिम्:
कर्म (हुवे—किम्?)
TypeNoun
Rootसुवृक्ति (सु- + वृक्ति ‘स्तुति/स्तोत्र-रचना’)
विशाम्of the clans / peoples
विशाम्:
सम्बन्ध (अग्निम्—कस्य?)
TypeNoun
Rootविश् (प्रातिपदिक ‘जन/कुल/प्रजा’)
अग्निम्Agni
अग्निम्:
कर्म (हुवे—कं?)
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (देवता-नाम)
अतिथिम्guest
अतिथिम्:
कर्म (अग्निम्—विशेषण-रूपेण) / कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअतिथि (प्रातिपदिक)
सुप्रयसम्bringing good nourishment / bountiful
सुप्रयसम्:
कर्म (अग्निम्—विशेषण) / कर्म
TypeAdjective
Rootसुप्रयस (सु- + प्रयस ‘आहार/पोषण/समृद्धि’)
मित्रःMitra
मित्रः:
कर्तृ (उपमान-आधारः) / विषय
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र (देवता/प्रातिपदिक)
इवlike
इव:
सम्बन्ध (उपमा-निर्देश) / अव्यय
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (निपात)
यःwho
यः:
कर्तृ (भूत्—कः?)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम)
दिधिषाय्यःto be cherished / to be established (as desired)
दिधिषाय्यः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (यः … भूत्)
TypeAdjective
Rootदिधिषाय्य (इच्छार्थक-विशेषण; √धा/√धि-आधारेण ‘स्थापयितुम्/धारयितुम् इच्छनीयः’ इति वेदिक-प्रयोगः)
भूत्became / has become
भूत्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√भू ‘सत्तायाम्’
देवःthe god
देवः:
कर्तृ (भूत्—कः?)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
आदेवेamong the gods / in the divine (sphere)
आदेवे:
अधिकरण (जने—कस्मिन् जने?)
TypeAdjective (locative epithet)
Rootआ-देव (उपसर्ग ‘आ’ + देव; ‘देव-सम्बन्धे/देवेषु’ इत्यर्थे वेदिक-विशेषण/समास-रूप)
जनेamong the people / in the community
जने:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootजन (प्रातिपदिक ‘जन/लोक’)
जातवेदाःJātavedas (Agni), knower of all that is born
जातवेदाः:
कर्तृ (देवः—सम्बोधन/विशेषण-रूपेण) / विषय
TypeNoun (epithet of Agni)
Rootजातवेदस् (समास: जात ‘जन्म’ + वेदस् ‘ज्ञान’)
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