Rig Veda 10.94.3: Mandala 10, Sukta 94, Mantra 3

Sukta 10.94

Devata: Grāvāṇaḥ (pressing stones) / Soma-process; indirectly Indra

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

एते वदन्त्यविदन्नना मधु न्यूङ्खयन्ते अधि पक्व आमिषि । वृक्षस्य शाखामरुणस्य बप्सतस्ते सूभर्वा वृषभाः प्रेमराविषुः ॥

Transliteration

etḗ vadanty ávidann anā́ mádhu ní ūṅkhayante ádhi pakvé ā́miṣi | vṛkṣásya śā́khām aruṇásya bápsatas té sū́bharvā vṛṣabhā́ḥ préma rāvīṣuḥ ||

Translation

These speak; they have found the honey without a vehicle; they rock and press upon the ripened substance. Like a branch of the ruddy tree they strike; those strong-burdened bulls have roared forth in front.

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Word by Word

• एते: these (men/ones)
• एते: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) / एष- (प्रदर्शक)

• वदन्ति: they speak/say
• वदन्ति: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वद् (वदति)

• अविदन्: they found/obtained
• अविदन्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विद् (विन्दति/वेद) — here ‘to find/obtain’

• अना: (particle) indeed/then; (Vedic connective)
• अना: (सम्बन्ध/उपपद-निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अना (अव्यय/निपात; RV usage)

• मधु: honey; sweetness; mead
• मधु: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु (प्रातिपदिक)

• नि: down, in
• नि: (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• उङ्खयन्ते: they churn/stir
• उङ्खयन्ते: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √उङ्ख्/उङ्खय् (Vedic) ‘to stir/churn/rock’

• अधि: upon, over
• अधि: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• पक्वे: on the ripe (fruit/food)
• पक्वे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पक्व (कृदन्त/विशेषण; √पच्)

• आमिषि: in/at the bait; in the morsel of food
• आमिषि: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: आमिष (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृक्षस्य: of the tree
• वृक्षस्य: (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)

• शाखाम्: branch
• शाखाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शाखा (प्रातिपदिक)

• अरुणस्य: of the ruddy/red (one)
• अरुणस्य: (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: अरुण (प्रातिपदिक)

• बप्सतः: of (him) pecking/devouring
• बप्सतः: (सम्बन्ध; कर्तृ-विशेषण)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √बप्स् (Vedic) ‘to peck/devour, eat greedily’

• ते: they
• ते: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम)

• सूभर्वाः: well-bearing/strong-bearing (epithet)
• सूभर्वाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सू-भर्वन्/भर्व (Vedic epithet; prātipadika)

• वृषभाः: bulls; strong males
• वृषभाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषभ (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• एमराविषुः: they rushed forth / they pressed on
• एमराविषुः: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मृ/मर् + आ + वि (Vedic compound-verb; ‘to go/press on, rush apart’)