Rig Veda 10.34.2: Mandala 10, Sukta 34, Mantra 2

Sukta 10.34

Rishi: Kavasha Ailūṣa (traditional)

Devata: Akṣāḥ (Dice) as adversarial power; also the ‘she’ = addiction/fate personified

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; long narrative triṣṭubh style)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

न मा मिमेथ न जिहीळ एषा शिवा सखिभ्य उत मह्यमासीत् । अक्षस्याहमेकपरस्य हेतोरनुव्रतामप जायामरोधम् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.34.2

Transliteration

ná mā mimetha ná jihīḷa eṣā́ śivā́ sakhíbhyá utá máhyam āsīt | akṣasyā́hám éka-parasya hétor ánu-vratām ápa jāyā́m arodham ||

Translation

She did not pity me, nor did she hold back—she who was once kind to my friends and even to me. For the cause of the dice, that one sole master, I shut out my faithful wife, obedient to the right law.

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Word by Word

• न: not
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• मा: me
• मा: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• मिमेथ: you have (so) regarded/valued (me)
• मिमेथ: Kartā (implied ‘त्वम्’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मा (माने/मिमाते) / √मा (to measure/esteem; Vedic)

• न: not
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• जिहीळे: you have reviled / been hostile
• जिहीळे: Kartā (implied ‘त्वम्’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हीळ् (to revile, be angry at; Vedic) with reduplication ji-

• एषा: this (woman/one)
• एषा: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun (demonstrative)
• Root: एतद्

• शिवा: kind, auspicious
• शिवा: Kartā (as qualifier of एषा)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शिव

• सखिभ्यः: to (my) friends
• सखिभ्यः: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: सखि

• उत: and, also
• उत: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत

• मह्यम्: to me
• मह्यम्: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• आसीत्: was
• आसीत्: — (copula)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (to be)

• अक्षस्य: of the dice / of the die-game
• अक्षस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अक्ष

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• एकपरस्य: of one who is devoted to one thing only / single-aimed
• एकपरस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: एकपर

• हेतोः: because of (the) cause; on account of
• हेतोः: Apādāna (cause/source, ‘because of’ in genitive usage)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हेतु

• अनुव्रताम्: obedient, faithful
• अनुव्रताम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अनुव्रत

• अप: away
• अप: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: अप

• जायाम्: wife
• जायाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: जाया

• अरोधम्: I shut out / kept away / restrained
• अरोधम्: Kartā (अहम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रुध् (to obstruct, restrain, shut off)