Rig Veda 10.30.10: Mandala 10, Sukta 30, Mantra 10

Sukta 10.30

Rishi: Unknown/uncertain (Anukramaṇī tradition commonly assigns RV 10.30 to a late collection; verse-specific r̥ṣi not securely inferable from the provided excerpt alone).

Devata: Āpaḥ (Waters), with implicit linkage to Apām Napāt and Soma-pressing context in adjacent verses.

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable, based on RV 10.30 verse-pattern; not fully verifiable here without metrical counting).

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आवर्वृततीरध नु द्विधारा गोषुयुधो न नियवं चरन्तीः । ऋषे जनित्रीर्भुवनस्य पत्नीरपो वन्दस्व सवृधः सयोनीः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.30.10

Transliteration

ā́varvṛ́tatīr adha nú dvi-dhā́rā goṣu-yúdho ná ni-yaváṃ cárantīḥ | ṛ́ṣe jánitrīr bhúvanasya pátnīr apó vandasva sa-vṛ́dhaḥ sa-yónīḥ ||

Translation

Now adore the Waters, O Seer—those that turn and return in their movement, flowing in a double stream; like fighters for the Light-cows they move towards the appointed goal. They are the Mothers that bring forth, the Spouses of the worlds; increase together, sharing one origin: bow to them within you.

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Word by Word

• आ: towards, unto
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग)

• वर्वृततीः: whirling/rolling, moving in circles (fem. pl.)
• वर्वृततीः: Kartā (with चरन्तीः) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective (participle-like) / Noun-epithet
• Root: √वृत् (वर्तने) / वर्वृतत् (प्रातिपदिक; पुनरुक्त-परिपूर्ण/तीव्रार्थ)

• तीः: streams, currents
• तीः: Kartā (with चरन्तीः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ती (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ती’ = नदी/धारा/तरणी-सम्बद्ध)

• अध: then, now, indeed
• अध: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अध (निपात)

• नु: now, indeed
• नु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु (निपात)

• द्विधारा: two-streamed, flowing in two channels
• द्विधारा: विशेषण (तीः/चरन्तीः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वि + धारा (प्रातिपदिक)

• गोषु: among the cows; in the cattle (pastures)
• गोषु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• युधः: fighters, warriors
• युधः: उपमान (with न)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: युध् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘युध’ = योद्धा/युद्धशील)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (उपमा-निपात)

• नियवम्: a settled place/abode; a fixed station
• नियवम्: Karma (with चरन्तीः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नियव (प्रातिपदिक; ‘नियव’ = निवास/आवास/आश्रय/स्थिरस्थान)

• चरन्तीः: moving, roaming, proceeding
• चरन्तीः: Kartā
• Type: Verb (present participle)
• Root: √चर् (गत्यर्थे)

• ऋषे: for the seer (ṛṣi)
• ऋषे: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋषि (प्रातिपदिक)

• जनित्रीः: mothers, begetters, producers
• जनित्रीः: Kartā (understood with वन्दस्व as objects of praise) / apposition
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनित्री (प्रातिपदिक; from √जन् ‘to beget’)

• भुवनस्य: of the world/being
• भुवनस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भुवन (प्रातिपदिक)

• पत्नीः: wives/consorts (lady-powers)
• पत्नीः: Kartā / apposition to जनित्रीः
• Type: Noun
• Root: पत्नी (प्रातिपदिक)

• अपः: the Waters
• अपः: Karma (of वन्दस्व)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वन्दस्व: praise! do homage to!
• वन्दस्व: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वन्द् (स्तुतौ/वन्दने)

• सवृधः: well-increasing, fostering, strengthening
• सवृधः: विशेषण (of अपः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स + वृध (प्रातिपदिक; from √वृध् ‘to grow/increase’)

• सयोनिः: sharing one womb/origin; of common source
• सयोनिः: विशेषण (of अपः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स + योनि (प्रातिपदिक)