Rig Veda 1.168.2: Mandala 1, Sukta 168, Mantra 2

Sukta 1.168

Rishi: Agastya Mānavā (traditional)

Devata: Maruts

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

वव्रासो न ये स्वजाः स्वतवस इषं स्वरभिजायन्त धूतयः । सहस्रियासो अपां नोर्मय आसा गावो वन्द्यासो नोक्षणः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.168.2

Transliteration

vavrā́so ná yé sva-jā́ḥ svá-tavasa íṣaṃ svàr abhi-jā́yanta dhū́tayaḥ | sahasriyā́so apā́ṃ nórmaya āsā́ gā́vo vándyāso nókṣaṇaḥ ||

Translation

Like fenced enclosures, self-born and self-mighty, they are shaken into birth toward the luminous heaven with the energizing plenty. Thousandfold like the waves of waters is their coming; like cattle worthy of praise, like strong bulls, they advance.

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Word by Word

• वव्रासः: coverings/encirclers (i.e., those who envelop)
• वव्रासः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वव्र (प्रातिपदिक; ‘आवरण/वेष्टन’)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• ये: who (those who)
• ये: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• स्वजाः: self-born, of their own birth
• स्वजाः: Kartā (विशेषणम्) / Sambandha
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वजा (प्रातिपदिक; ‘स्व-जा’ = self-born/own-born)

• स्वतवसः: self-strong, possessing their own might
• स्वतवसः: Kartā (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वतवस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘स्व-तवस्’ = having own strength)

• इषम्: impulse, strength, invigorating power
• इषम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: इष्/इषा (प्रातिपदिक; ‘बल/आहार/प्रेरणा’—here ‘impulse/strength’)

• स्वः: the light/heaven (svàr)
• स्वः: Karma (लक्ष्य/गन्तव्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वर्/स्वः (प्रातिपदिक; ‘स्वर्ग/प्रकाश’)

• अभिजायन्त: were born forth, came into being toward
• अभिजायन्त: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन् (जायते) + अभि- (उपसर्ग)

• धूतयः: impulses, stirrings, driving forces
• धूतयः: Kartā (सम्बन्धः—ये…धूतयः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धूति (प्रातिपदिक; ‘धूनन/प्रेरणा/उत्साह’)

• सहस्रियासः: thousand-fold, in thousands
• सहस्रियासः: Kartā (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सहस्रिय (प्रातिपदिक; ‘सहस्रयुक्त/सहस्रसम्बद्ध’)

• अपाम्: of the waters
• अपाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध-षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप् (प्रातिपदिक)

• नः: our
• नः: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• ऊर्मयः: waves
• ऊर्मयः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊर्मि (प्रातिपदिक)

• आस: was/there was
• आस: Kriyā (अस्तित्व/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (भू/अस्)

• गावः: cows
• गावः: Kartā (द्वितीय-उपमा/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• वन्द्याः: praiseworthy
• वन्द्याः: Kartā (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वन्द्य (प्रातिपदिक; √वन्द् ‘to praise’ से)

• नः: our
• नः: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• उक्षणः: bull (ox)
• उक्षणः: Kartā (गावः…उक्षणः—समुच्चय/उपमा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उक्षन्/उक्षण् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘बैल/वृषभ’)