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Rig Veda 2.30.1: Mandala 2, Sukta 30, Mantra 1

Sukta 2.30

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava) (traditional attribution for much of Maṇḍala 2; exact for this sukta should be verified against a full Anukramaṇī)
Devata: Āpaḥ (Waters), with Savitṛ and Indra invoked
Chandas: Triṣṭubh

ऋतं देवाय कृण्वते सवित्र इन्द्रायाहिघ्ने न रमन्त आपः । अहरहर्यात्यक्तुरपां कियात्या प्रथमः सर्ग आसाम् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 2.30.1

ṛtáṃ devā́ya kṛṇvaté savitré índrāyāhíghne ná ramante ā́paḥ | áhar-ahar yāty aktúr apā́ṃ kíyaty ā́ prathamáḥ sárga āsām ||

The waters take delight in the god Savitṛ who fashions the ṛta, and in Indra the slayer of the constrictor; day by day they move. In the night too the measure of the waters advances; this is their first outpouring.

ऋतम्cosmic order; truth (as object)
ऋतम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootऋत (प्रातिपदिक) < √ऋ (गतौ/ऋच्छति) (निरुक्त-परम्परा) अथवा PIE *h₂er- (to fit, order)
देवायfor the god
देवाय:
सम्प्रदान
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
कृण्वते(he) makes; is making
कृण्वते:
(क्रियापद)
TypeVerb
Root√कृ (करणे)
सवित्रेfor Savitṛ
सवित्रे:
सम्प्रदान
TypeNoun
Rootसवितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रायfor Indra
इन्द्राय:
सम्प्रदान
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
towards; hither
:
(क्रियाविशेषण/उपसर्ग)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
अहि-घ्नेO serpent-slayer
अहि-घ्ने:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (epithet)
Rootअहि-घ्न (प्रातिपदिक: अहि ‘serpent’ + घ्न ‘slayer’ < √हन्)
not
:
(निषेधक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
रमन्तेthey delight; they rest
रमन्ते:
(क्रियापद)
TypeVerb
Root√रम् (क्रीडायाम्/रमणे)
आपःthe waters
आपः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootअप्/आप् (प्रातिपदिक)
अहर्-अहर्day by day
अहर्-अहर्:
अधिकरण (काल)
TypeIndeclinable (reduplicated adverbial) / Noun-compound used adverbially
Rootअहर् (प्रातिपदिक)
यातिgoes
याति:
(क्रियापद)
TypeVerb
Root√या (गतौ)
अक्तुःof the night
अक्तुः:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootअक्तु (प्रातिपदिक)
अपाम्of the waters
अपाम्:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootअप्/आप् (प्रातिपदिक)
किया-त्याby (their) activity/ordered motion
किया-त्या:
करण
TypeNoun (abstract/instrumental)
Rootकिया-त्य (प्रातिपदिक; वेदिक/दुर्लभ, ‘कार्य/कृत्य/किय’ से सम्बन्धित; अर्थ: क्रिया/गति/व्यवस्था-सम्बन्धी)
प्रथमःthe first
प्रथमः:
कर्तृ (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)
सर्गःthe outflow; emission; course
सर्गः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootसर्ग (प्रातिपदिक) < √सृज् (सर्गे/विसर्जने)
आसाम्of these (f.) / of them (the waters)
आसाम्:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → एषाम्/आसाम् (वेदिक)

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