Rig Veda 2.23.11: Mandala 2, Sukta 23, Mantra 11

Sukta 2.23

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava)

Devata: Brahmaṇaspati / Bṛhaspati

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अनानुदो वृषभो जग्मिराहवं निष्टप्ता शत्रुं पृतनासु सासहिः । असि सत्य ऋणया ब्रह्मणस्पत उग्रस्य चिद्दमिता वीळुहर्षिणः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 2.23.11

Transliteration

anānudó vṛ́ṣabho jagmí rāhávaṃ níṣṭaptā śátruṃ pṛ́tanāsu sāsahíḥ | ási satyá ṛṇayā́ brahmaṇaspata ugrásya cid damitā́ vīḷuhárṣiṇaḥ ||

Translation

O Lord of the Word, you are the unyielding Bull who goes forth to the call of the inner battle; you burn down the adversary and prevail in the clashes. You are the true one, a mover among the seekers of the right path; even the violent force you tame, O rousing power that makes the strong exult.

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Word by Word

• अ॒ना॒नु॒दः: not-to-be-repelled; irresistible
• अ॒ना॒नु॒दः: Kartā (qualifier of वृृषभः) / Viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-नानुद् (नानुद् < √नुद् ‘to push, drive’ with negation अ-)

• वृष॒भः: the bull (strong one)
• वृष॒भः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषभ (प्रातिपदिक)

• जग्मिः: having come; having gone forth
• जग्मिः: Kartā (co-referential with वृृषभः) / Viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Verb (participial) / Adjective
• Root: √गम् ‘to go’ (perfect/old perfect participial form)

• आहवम्: the battle; the challenge
• आहवम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: आहव (आ-√ह्वा/√हू ‘to call’ → ‘challenge, battle-call’)

• निष्टप्ताः: scorching; burning down
• निष्टप्ताः: Kartā (qualifier) / Viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective (past passive participle)
• Root: नि-√तप् ‘to heat, scorch’

• शत्रुम्: the enemy
• शत्रुम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रु (प्रातिपदिक)

• पृतनासु: in battles
• पृतनासु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृतना (प्रातिपदिक)

• सासहिः: conquering; overpowering
• सासहिः: Kartā (qualifier) / Viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective (agentive verbal form)
• Root: √सह् ‘to overcome, conquer’ (intensive/perfect-like reduplicated form)

• असि: you are
• असि: (Copula) links subject and predicate
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् ‘to be’

• सत्यः: true; truthful
• सत्यः: Predicate (viśeṣaṇa of त्वम्/ब्रह्मणस्पते) / Kartā-complement
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• ऋणया: one who exacts/settles debts; requiting (obligations)
• ऋणया: Predicate qualifier
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऋणय (प्रातिपदिक; ‘debt/obligation’ → ‘having debts/owing’; Vedic epithet)

• ब्रह्मणस्पते: O Lord of prayer (Bṛhaspati)
• ब्रह्मणस्पते: Sambodhana (address)
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: ब्रह्मणस्-पति (compound prātipadika)

• उग्रस्य: of the fierce one
• उग्रस्य: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• चित्: even; indeed
• चित्: (Particle) emphasis/limitation
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (avyaya particle)

• दमिता: tamer; subduer
• दमिता: Kartā (predicate noun) / Viśeṣya
• Type: Noun/Adjective (agent noun)
• Root: √दम् ‘to tame, subdue’

• वीळुहर्षिणः: of the strong-exulting one / of him who makes the strong rejoice
• वीळुहर्षिणः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वीळु-हर्षिन् (compound prātipadika; ‘strong/firm’ + ‘exulting/rousing’)