Rig Veda 1.74.2: Mandala 1, Sukta 74, Mantra 2

Sukta 1.74

Rishi: Gopavana Ātreya

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Gāyatrī (probable, consistent with RV 1.74 style)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यः स्नीहितीषु पूर्व्यः संजग्मानासु कृष्टिषु । अरक्षद्दाशुषे गयम् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.74.2

Transliteration

yáḥ snī́hitīṣu pū́rvyaḥ sáṃ-jagmānā́su kṛ́ṣṭiṣu | árakṣad dāśúṣe gáyam ||

Translation

He who from of old, in the close-knit gatherings of the peoples, protected the life-energy of the giver—may that Agni guard what we have won by offering.

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Word by Word

• यः: who
• यः: कर्तृ (सम्बन्ध-कर्ता; यः = ‘who’ introducing the agent)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• स्नीहितीषु: among the ‘snihitī’ (friendly/attached ones; in the allied groups)
• स्नीहितीषु: अधिकरण (where/among)
• Type: Noun (locative plural) / Adjectival noun
• Root: स्नीहिती- (स्त्रीलिङ्ग प्रातिपदिक; ‘स्नेह/स्निह्’ से ‘स्नेहयुक्त/स्नेहिनी’ अर्थ-परम्परा)

• पूर्व्यः: ancient, primeval
• पूर्व्यः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व्य- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘पूर्व’ से)

• सम्: together, completely
• सम्: —
• Type: Preverb/Indeclinable
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग)

• जग्मानासु: in the assembled/come-together (ones)
• जग्मानासु: अधिकरण-विशेषण
• Type: Participle (Perfect active) used adjectivally
• Root: गम् (धातु) → जग्मान- (कृदन्त; परिपूर्ण/गत)

• कृष्टिषु: among the peoples/communities
• कृष्टिषु: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृष्टि- (स्त्रीलिङ्ग प्रातिपदिक)

• अरक्षत्: protected
• अरक्षत्: क्रिया (यः… = कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: रक्ष् (धातु) + अ (अङ्-आगमः/लुङ्)

• दाशुषे: for the worshipper (the giver)
• दाशुषे: सम्प्रदान (to/for the giver, the worshipper)
• Type: Noun/Participle used substantively
• Root: दाश्वस्-/दाशुष्- (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √दा ‘to give’ → ‘giver, worshipper’)

• गयम्: wealth/household goods (gaya)
• गयम्: कर्म (what is protected)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गय- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘house/wealth, life, property’ RV-प्रयोग)