Rig Veda 9.102.1: Mandala 9, Sukta 102, Mantra 1
Sukta 9.102
- Rishi
- Traditional Soma Pavamāna seer-line
- Devata
- Soma Pavamāna
- Chandas
- Jagatī
- Rasa
- Adbhuta (wonder) and Shanta (peace)
क्राणा शिशुर्महीनां हिन्वन्नृतस्य दीधितिम् । विश्वा परि प्रिया भुवदध द्विता ॥
krāṇā́ śíśur mahī́nāṃ hinván ṛtásya dī́dhitim | víśvā pári priyā́ bhúvad ádha dvitā́ ||
వృద్ధి చెందుతూ, మహానుల శిశువు ఋత యొక్క దీప్తమైన ఆలోచన (దీధితి) ను ప్రేరేపిస్తాడు. సమస్తాన్ని పరివ్యాప్తం చేసి, అతడు ప్రియుడవుతాడు; తరువాత మళ్లీ మళ్లీ (ద్వితా) సత్త్వంలో ఋత యొక్క ఆనందాన్ని స్థాపిస్తాడు.
Word by Word
- क्राणा
- doing/performing, active; (the) accomplishing oneAdjective (participial)पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम् (सोमः) ; ‘क्राणः’ इत्यस्य वैदिक-रूपम्Role कर्तृ (विशेषणरूपेण कर्तरि—सोमस्य)Root √कॄ (कॄणोति/किरति) → क्राण- (PPP/adj. stem)
- शिशुः
- the child; the young oneNounपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्Role कर्तृ (क्राण- इत्यस्य विशेष्यः; सोमः)Root शिशु- (प्रातिपदिकम्)
- महीनाम्
- of the great ones; of the mighty (women/streams)Nounस्त्रीलिङ्गः, षष्ठी, बहुवचनम्Role सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी—‘of the great ones/mothers’)Root मही- (प्रातिपदिकम्)
- हिन्वन्
- impelling, urging onParticiple (present act.)पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम् (कर्तरि), परस्मैपदी-धातोःRole कर्तृ (सोमः—‘impelling/setting in motion’)Root √हि (हिनोति) → हिन्वत् (वर्तमान-कृदन्त)
- ऋतस्य
- of ṛta (cosmic order / true rite)Nounनपुंसकलिङ्गः, षष्ठी, एकवचनम्Role सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी—‘of ṛta, of cosmic order/true rite’)Root ऋत- (प्रातिपदिकम्)
- दीधितिम्
- the shining light; the radiant thoughtNounस्त्रीलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्Role कर्म (हिन्वन्—what is impelled/enkindled)Root दीधिति- (प्रातिपदिकम्; ‘brightness/insight’)
- विश्वाः
- all (things), all (dear ones)Adjective (used substantively)स्त्रीलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, बहुवचनम् (or प्रथमा बहु. depending on construal; here taken as object with परि)Role कर्म (परि—‘all (things)’ as encompassed)Root विश्व- (सर्व-विशेषण-प्रातिपदिकम्)
- परि
- around, all aroundIndeclinableउपसर्ग/क्रियाविशेषणम्Role (क्रियाविशेषण; ‘around, all around’)Root परि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
- प्रियाः
- dear (ones/things)Adjective (used substantively)स्त्रीलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, बहुवचनम् (विश्वाः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)Role कर्म (what is encompassed/benefited)Root प्रिय- (प्रातिपदिकम्)
- भुवत्
- may it be; may he becomeVerbविधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्Role क्रिया (मुख्य-क्रिया)Root √भू (भवति) → भुवत् (विधिलिङ्/आशीर्लिङ् 3sg)
- अध
- then, thereafterIndeclinableनिपातः (अनन्तरार्थ/अनुक्रमार्थ)Root अध (अव्यय)
- द्विता
- in two ways; doubly; again/secondlyIndeclinableक्रियाविशेषणम्Root द्विता (अव्यय; द्वि-आधारित)
Sandhi Notes
- पदच्छेदः (सम्भाव्यः): क्राणा | शिशुः | महीनाम् | हिन्वन् | ऋतस्य | दीधितिम् | विश्वाः | परि | प्रियाः | भुवत् | अध | द्विता । 1) ‘क्राणा शिशुः’ इत्यत्र संधिः न विशेषः
- ‘क्राणा’ वैदिक-रूपः ‘क्राणः’ (PPP) इत्यस्य। 2) ‘हिन्वन्नृतस्य’ = हिन्वन् + ऋतस्य (न् + ऋ → नृ; वैदिक-सन्धिः/संयोगः)। 3) ‘विश्वा परि’ इत्यत्र विसर्ग/स्वर-सन्धिः न
- ‘विश्वाः’ (दीर्घस्वर/प्लुति-न) पाठभेदेषु सम्भवः। 4) ‘भुवदध’ = भुवत् + अध (त् + अ → द्-अ; परसवर्ण/व्यञ्जन-सन्धिः)।
The meaning
Outer meaning
Growing, the child of the great ones impels the shining thought of Ṛta; encompassing all, he becomes the beloved, again and again.
Inner meaning
Soma Pavamāna is the ‘child’ (śiśu) born of the great powers (mahīnām): emerging delight-consciousness growing within the being. As it increases (krāṇā), it drives forward the illumination of Ṛta (ṛtasya dīdhiti)—the right-seeing, right-thinking intuition. When this luminous right-thought pervades all parts (viśvā pari), the inner presence becomes ‘priyā’—the beloved delight—returning repeatedly (dvitā) as a stable, renewable Ananda that re-establishes right order in the nature each time it is invoked.
Universal truth
Spiritual growth is the repeated birth of a luminous joy that impels right discernment; when it pervades the whole life, it becomes a constant beloved presence rather than a passing experience.
Themes
Newborn Soma, Impulsion of Ṛta, Illumined thought, Pervasion
The seer
- Rishi
- Pavamāna seer-line (traditional attribution varies for RV 9.102)
- Other hymns
- RV 9.74 (Soma as child growing), RV 9.96 (Soma impelling thoughts), RV 1.95 (Agni as child in the hidden seat; parallel psychology)
Family tradition
Book 9 is a liturgical-visionary corpus where multiple seer-families contribute; the ‘child Soma’ motif is common across Angiras/Bhṛgu streams as an image of inner birth and growth.
Significance
The rishi-vision frames Soma as an evolving inner being: delight is not static; it matures into ṛta-dīdhiti (right illumination) and becomes a pervading beloved presence.
The deity
- Devata
- Soma Pavamāna
- Epithets
- śiśuḥ (child), krāṇā (growing), priyā (beloved)
- Related deities
- Varuṇa (ṛta), Mitra, Indra, Agni
Cosmic role
Renewer of creation: Soma as the ever-reborn delight that drives ṛta-illumination through all worlds/parts.
Inner power
Psychic Ananda that grows into intuitive truth-thought and pervasion.
In ritual
Where it is used
Pavamāna Soma chant in Soma-yajña sequences
क्रा॒णा शिशु॑र्म॒हीनां॑ हि॒न्वन्नृ॒तस्य॒ दीधि॑तिम् । विश्वा॒ परि॑ प्रि॒या भु॑व॒दध॑ द्वि॒ता ॥
क्रा॒णा । शिशुः॑ । म॒हीना॑म् । हि॒न्वन् । ऋ॒तस्य॑ । दीधि॑तिम् । विश्वा॑ । परि॑ । प्रि॒या । भु॒व॒त् । अध॑ । द्वि॒ता ॥
krāṇā | śiśuḥ | mahīnām | hinvan | ṛtasya | dīdhitim | viśvā | pari | priyā | bhuvat | adha | dvitā
48
4 × 12 (probable)
Expansive and developmental; suitable for ‘growing’ and ‘encompassing all’.
Encourages gradual widening and pervasion; supports contemplative growth rather than sudden breakthrough.
- शिशु (śiśu)
- Literal: child. Symbolic: new-born spiritual consciousness growing in us
- महीनाम् (mahīnām)
- Literal: of the great ones. Symbolic: higher powers/planes supporting the birth (gods, vast consciousness)
- ऋतस्य दीधिति (ṛtasya dīdhiti)
- Literal: the shining thought of Ṛta. Symbolic: intuitive right-vision/right-idea that aligns life with truth-order
- हिन्वन् (hinvan)
- Literal: impelling, setting in motion. Symbolic: dynamic push of the soul-force toward truth-action
- प्रिया (priyā)
- Literal: dear, beloved. Symbolic: Ananda as intimate presence and sweetness of right being
- द्विता (dvitā)
- Literal: again, a second time; repeatedly. Symbolic: renewal: the experience returns and stabilizes through practice
Opening verse setting Soma as newborn power that impels Ṛta’s illumination; recited in Soma purification/pressing liturgy
At the stage of praising Soma’s growth/purification and his role in establishing ṛta.
Recitation during straining/flow, aligning the rite with ṛta and invoking beloved delight.
Chant as a ‘growth mantra’ for daily practice: to cultivate steady increase of clarity and sweetness that pervades the day.
krāṇā: from √kṛ/√krā? ‘to grow/strengthen’ (Vedic krāṇá- ‘growing, making increase’). hinvan: from √hi ‘to impel, set in motion’. ṛta: from √ṛ ‘to go, fit, rise’; ṛta as right-going order. dīdhiti: from √dhī ‘thought’ with intensification; denotes luminous thought/insight rather than discursive mind.
Ṛta (cosmic order), Dhī (illumined thought), Renewal/repetition (dvitā as cyclic establishment)
Explicit: Soma impels ṛtasya dīdhiti—illumination that makes right order active in thought and life.
Truth as luminous thought-force rather than mere concept; it grows and becomes beloved by lived experience.
Repeated birth and pervasion: creation renews through the child-force that spreads right light everywhere.
Integral Yoga-compatible: psychic growth (child) → intuitive truth (ṛta-dīdhiti) → integral pervasion (viśvā pari).
dawn-like (symbolic, not explicit)
Growth = maturation of consciousness; pervasion = integration of all parts; shining thought = intuitive light of right order.
- What is the primary Vedic 'mythologem' present in this verse?
- The ‘newborn child’ of the great powers who impels Ṛta’s illumination: Soma as a repeatedly born force that renews right order. Psychologically it is the birth of a fresh luminous consciousness that drives the shining dhī of truth and becomes beloved by pervading and harmonizing the whole being.
- How does the linguistic structure reflect Proto-Indo-European roots?
- ṛta belongs to Indo-Iranian *ṛtá- (Avestan aša) expressing cosmic order; while not a simple PIE lexical item, it encodes an IE poetics of ‘rightness’ and ‘fittingness’. √bhū ‘become’ (bhuvat) is PIE *bʰuH- ‘be, grow’ (English be).
- What is the relationship between the Rishi and the Devata here?
- The rishi presents Soma as an evolving inner presence (‘growing child’) whose work is to awaken Ṛta’s shining intelligence. The reciprocity is developmental: as the seeker presses/purifies Soma, Soma reciprocally increases and repeatedly establishes the beloved harmony of right order throughout the consciousness.
Feel a luminous ‘child’ of joy growing in the heart and impelling right-thought; allow it to spread through all parts of the body-mind.
Anāhata (birth of beloved) expanding to Viśuddha/Ājñā (right thought)
Slow diaphragmatic breathing; on inhale ‘growing’, on exhale ‘pervading’.
Gentle widening with intuitive clarity.
1) Place attention in heart-center as a small warm light. 2) With each repetition, let it ‘grow’. 3) Invite a single right-thought (ṛta-dīdhiti) to arise. 4) Let the light encircle the whole being; end in quiet gratitude (priyā).
Apply Vedic accent marks from the saṃhitā; keep distinct pitch on krāṇā́, śíśur, ṛtásya, dī́dhitim, víśvā, priyā́, dvítā (as per śākhā).
Let the melody ‘grow’ across the verse: slight lift through the first half, gentle settling on priyā and dvītā.
‘krāṇā’ with long ā; do not reduce to ‘krana’., ‘ṛtasya’ initial vocalic ṛ: light, not ‘ri’., ‘dīdhitim’ articulate both ‘dh’ sounds clearly.
Warm, nurturing, steady resonance; avoid harsh attack.
Ask anything about this verse
Answers come straight from the texts, with the shlokas they draw on. Ask in your own words.
A free sign-in with Google or Apple keeps your chat saved across web and the app.
Read Rig Veda in the Vedapath app
Scan the QR code to open this directly in the app, with word-by-word meanings, Sanskrit recitation where available, and more.
