Rig Veda 4.55.9: Mandala 4, Sukta 55, Mantra 9

Sukta 4.55

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional)

Devata: Uṣas (with Sūnṛtā as invoked power of right speech)

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; verify)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उषो मघोन्या वह सूनृते वार्या पुरु । अस्मभ्यं वाजिनीवति ॥

Transliteration

úṣo maghonyā́ vaha sū́nṛte vā́ryā purú | asmábhyaṃ vājinī-vati ||

Translation

ఓ ఉషా, దానసంపన్నా! ఓ సూనృతా—సత్యదీప్త వాక్శక్తీ! మా కొరకు అనేక వాంఛనీయ ధనాలను మోసుకొని రా; ఓ వాజినీవతి, బలసమృద్ధితో పరిపూర్ణమైనదానా, వాటిని మాకు తీసుకొనిరా.

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Word by Word

• उषः: O Dawn
• उषः: सम्बोधन (addressed deity)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस्- (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *h₂ews- ‘to dawn’

• मघोन्याः: of the bountiful one
• मघोन्याः: सम्बन्ध (genitive qualifier of the addressed deity)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मघोनी- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bountiful, rich in gifts’) < मघ- ‘gift, bounty’

• वह: bring / convey
• वह: क्रिया (imperative addressed to Uṣas)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वह् (वहति) ‘to carry/bring’

• सूनृते: fair/true praise (good speech)
• सूनृते: कर्म (what is to be brought)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूनृता- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘good/true speech, fair praise’) < सु- + नृ/नृता (praise/speech) (Vedic)

• वार्याणि: desirable (gifts/things)
• वार्याणि: कर्म (things to be brought)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: वार्य- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘choice, desirable, excellent (goods/gifts)’) < √वृ ‘to choose’

• पुरु: many, abundant
• पुरु: विशेषण (qualifier of वार्याणि)
• Type: Indeclinable/Adjective
• Root: पुरु (अव्यय/विशेषण; ‘much, many’) < PIE *pl̥h₁u- ‘many’

• अस्मभ्यम्: to us
• अस्मभ्यम्: सम्प्रदान (recipient)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) ‘we’

• वाजिनीवति: O prize/strength-bearing one (bounteous one)
• वाजिनीवति: सम्बोधन (epithet of Uṣas)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वाजिनीवत्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘possessing vāja—strength/prize, rich in booty’) < वाजिन्/वाज ‘prize, strength’ + -वत्