Rig Veda 2.1.7: Mandala 2, Sukta 1, Mantra 7
Sukta 2.1
- Rishi
- Gṛtsamada
- Devata
- Agni
- Chandas
- Gāyatrī
- Rasa
- Shanta (peace) and Shringara (love)
त्वमग्ने द्रविणोदा अरंकृते त्वं देवः सविता रत्नधा असि । त्वं भगो नृपते वस्व ईशिषे त्वं पायुर्दमे यस्तेऽविधत् ॥
tvám agne draviṇodā́ araṃkṛté tváṃ deváḥ savitā́ ratnadhā́ asi | tváṃ bhágo nṛ́pate vásva īśiṣe tváṃ pāyúr dámē yás te ávidhat ||
హే అగ్నీ, నీవే ద్రవిణోదా; అరంకృతుడు (సిద్ధంగా సిద్ధపరచబడిన యజమాని) కి సంపదనిచ్చేవాడవు. నీవు దేవ సవితా, రత్నధాత. హే నృపతే, నీవు భగుడు; వసువులపై అధికారం కలవాడు. నిన్ను విధిగా సేవించినవాని గృహంలో నీవు పాయు—రక్షకుడవు.
Word by Word
- त्वम्
- thou (you)Pronounपुं/स्त्री/नपुं; प्रथमा; एकवचनRole कर्तृRoot युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
- अग्ने
- O AgniNounपुं; सम्बोधन; एकवचनRole सम्बोधनRoot अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
- द्रविणोदाः
- giver of wealthNoun (agent epithet)पुं; प्रथमा; एकवचनRole कर्तृ (विशेषण-रूपेण त्वम्-सम्बन्धी)Root द्रविणोदस् (प्रातिपदिक; द्रविण + दा ‘to give’)
- अरम्
- properly, fittinglyIndeclinableअव्ययRole क्रियाविशेषणRoot अरम् (अव्यय)
- कृते
- when done; in the accomplished (rite)Participle (past passive)नपुं; लोकेटिव/सप्तमी; एकवचन (कृते = ‘when/after (it is) done’)Role अधिकरण (काल/अवस्था)Root कृ (धातु) → कृत (कृदन्त)
- त्वम्
- thouPronounप्रथमा; एकवचनRole कर्तृRoot युष्मद्
- देवः
- the godNounपुं; प्रथमा; एकवचनRole समनाधिकरण (त्वम्-इति)Root देव (प्रातिपदिक)
- सविता
- SavitarNounपुं; प्रथमा; एकवचन (वैदिक-रूप: सविता)Role समनाधिकरण (त्वम्-इति)Root सवितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
- रत्नधा
- bestowing/placing treasuresAdjective (epithet)पुं; प्रथमा; एकवचनRole समनाधिकरण/विशेषण (त्वम्-इति)Root रत्नधा (प्रातिपदिक; रत्न + धा ‘to place’)
- असि
- art, areVerbलट्; मध्यमपुरुष; एकवचनRole (अस्ति-क्रिया; समनाधिकरण-सम्बन्ध)Root अस् (धातु)
- त्वम्
- thouPronounप्रथमा; एकवचनRole कर्तृRoot युष्मद्
- भगः
- Bhaga (the distributor of fortune)Nounपुं; प्रथमा; एकवचनRole समनाधिकरण (त्वम्-इति)Root भग (प्रातिपदिक)
- नृपते
- O lord of menNounपुं; सम्बोधन; एकवचनRole सम्बोधनRoot नृपति (प्रातिपदिक)
- वस्वः
- of wealth; of goodsNounनपुं; षष्ठी; एकवचन (वैदिक-रूप: वस्वः)Role सम्बन्ध (ईशिषे-क्रियायाः विषयः)Root वसु (प्रातिपदिक)
- ईशिषे
- thou rulest/possessestVerbलट्; मध्यमपुरुष; एकवचन; आत्मनेपदRole कर्तृ (त्वम्)Root ईश् (धातु)
- त्वम्
- thouPronounप्रथमा; एकवचनRole कर्तृRoot युष्मद्
- पायुः
- protectorNounपुं; प्रथमा; एकवचनRole समनाधिकरण (त्वम्-इति)Root पायुः (प्रातिपदिक; ‘protector/guardian’)
- दमे
- in the house; at homeNounपुं; सप्तमी; एकवचनRole अधिकरणRoot दम (प्रातिपदिक; ‘house, household’)
- यः
- whoRelative pronounपुं; प्रथमा; एकवचनRole कर्तृ (अविधत्-क्रियायाः)Root यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
- ते
- to/for thee; of theePronounषष्ठी; एकवचनRole सम्बन्धRoot युष्मद्
- अविधत्
- has served/worshipped; has arranged (for)Verbलुङ् (अorist); प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन; परस्मैपदRole कर्तृ (यः)Root वि + धा (धातु)
Sandhi Notes
- पदच्छेद (वैदिक-सन्धि-निरसन): त्वम् अग्ने द्रविणोदाः अरम् कृते त्वम् देवः सविता रत्नधा असि । त्वम् भगः नृपते वस्वः ईशिषे । त्वम् पायुः दमे यः ते अविधत् । विशेष-सन्धि: (1) द्रविणो॒दा = द्रविण + दाः (समास/उपपद-तत्पुरुष; दीर्घ/स्वर-परिवर्तन वैदिक)
- (2) तेऽवि॑धत् = ते + अविधत् (अकार-सन्धि; अवग्रह)
The meaning
Outer meaning
Agni is the giver of wealth to the prepared; he is Savitṛ who places treasures. He is Bhaga, lord of men, ruling riches; he is the guardian in the home of the one who worships.
Inner meaning
When the seeker is ‘made ready’ (araṃkṛta)—purified, attentive, and aligned—Agni gives draviṇa, the true substance of inner wealth: light, force, joy, and capacity. As Savitṛ, he impels and establishes these treasures in the being, making them stable possessions rather than passing experiences. As Bhaga, he apportions fortune—each part of nature receives its right delight and means. As the household guardian (pāyuḥ dame), Agni protects the inner home—mind and heart—from invasion by obscurity, maintaining the sacred order of daily life and practice.
Universal truth
Readiness is the condition for receiving. The divine will not only gives inner riches but also establishes them, distributes them rightly, and protects the inner life so the gains are preserved and grow.
Themes
plenitude, treasure, protection, right preparation
The seer
- Rishi
- Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava)
- Lineage
- Bhārgava
- Other hymns
- Rig Veda 2.1, Rig Veda 2.27 (Bhaga-related themes elsewhere in RV)
Family tradition
The Bhārgava approach links prosperity to inner readiness and right ordering; wealth is rayi/draviṇa as spiritual substance, not merely material gain.
Significance
This verse translates divine grace into a psychology of receptivity and preservation: prepare the being, receive treasures, establish them, distribute them rightly, and guard the inner home.
The deity
- Devata
- Agni (as Draviṇodā, Savitṛ, Bhaga, Pāyuḥ)
- Epithets
- draviṇodā, araṃkṛte (giver to the prepared), devaḥ savitā, ratnadhā, bhagaḥ, nṛpati, vasva īśiṣe, pāyuḥ dame
- Related deities
- Savitṛ, Bhaga, Pūṣan (as protector, allied), Uṣas (as awakening that prepares receptivity)
Cosmic role
Bestower and establisher of treasures; impeller of right action; apportioner of fortune; protector of the dwelling and the sacrificer.
Inner power
Grace that responds to readiness; solar impulsion that fixes realizations; providential distribution of delight and means; vigilant protection of the inner life.
In ritual
Where it is used
Agni invocations for prosperity and protection; used in offering sequences seeking ratna (treasures) and draviṇa (wealth) and safeguarding the household fire.
त्वम॑ग्ने द्रविणो॒दा अ॑रं॒कृते॒ त्वं दे॒वः स॑वि॒ता र॑त्न॒धा अ॑सि । त्वं भगो॑ नृपते॒ वस्व॑ ईशिषे॒ त्वं पा॒युर्दमे॒ यस्तेऽवि॑धत् ॥
त्वम् । अ॒ग्ने॒ । द्र॒वि॒णः॒ऽदाः । अ॒र॒म्ऽकृते॑ । त्वम् । दे॒वः । स॒वि॒ता । र॒त्न॒ऽधाः । अ॒सि॒ । त्वम् । भगः॑ । नृ॒ऽप॒ते॒ । वस्वः॑ । ई॒शि॒षे॒ । त्वम् । पा॒युः । दमे॑ । यः । ते॒ । अवि॑धत् ॥
tvam | agne | draviṇaḥ-dāḥ | aram-kṛte | tvam | devaḥ | savitā | ratna-dhāḥ | asi | tvam | bhagaḥ | nṛ-pate | vasvaḥ | īśiṣe | tvam | pāyuḥ | dame | yaḥ | te | avidhat
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8+8+8
Generous, offering-like flow; the cadence ‘places’ and ‘distributes’ through balanced beats.
Encourages receptivity and gratitude; stabilizes attention in the heart-home while energizing aspiration with Savitṛ’s impulse.
- द्रविणोदा (draviṇodā)
- Literal: giver of wealth. Symbolic: giver of inner substance—light, force, joy, capacity
- अरंकृत (araṃkṛta)
- Literal: made ready/prepared. Symbolic: purified and aligned nature fit for reception
- सविता (savitā)
- Literal: impeller/solar awakener. Symbolic: divine impulsion; awakening force that sets treasures in motion and place
- रत्नधा (ratnadhā)
- Literal: placer of jewels. Symbolic: establisher of spiritual treasures as stable realizations
- भग (bhaga)
- Literal: distributor of fortune. Symbolic: right enjoyment and share of delight; providence in the psyche
- नृपते (nṛpate)
- Literal: lord of men. Symbolic: governor of the human powers; master of the inner kingdom
- वस्वः (vasvaḥ)
- Literal: riches. Symbolic: stores of consciousness—illumination, strength, harmony
- पायुः (pāyuḥ)
- Literal: protector/guardian. Symbolic: inner safeguarding force; vigilance of the psychic fire
- दमे (dame)
- Literal: in the house/home. Symbolic: the inner home: daily life, mind-heart habitation, stable practice
- अविधत् (avidhat)
- Literal: has served/worshipped. Symbolic: one who has arranged life as sacrifice—persistent practitioner
Recited for bestowal of rayi/draviṇa and protection of the sacrificer’s 'house' (outer home and inner dwelling); supports prosperity-as-plenitude within ṛta.
Household worship, daily fire/lamps, beginnings of work, seeking protection of home and resources.
Offer ghee or light a lamp with intention of readiness; pray for right gain and its preservation.
Daily recitation when starting the day: prepare yourself (araṃkṛta), invite right resources, and set a protective boundary for mind/home.
draviṇa relates to movable wealth/substance; innerly, the stuff of capacity and support. Savitṛ from √sū/√su 'impel' (PIE *sewH- 'set in motion' is debated) functions as the impeller of right action. ratna 'treasure' signifies condensed luminous attainments. Bhaga from √bhaj 'share'—the apportioner of delight and portion.
rāyi/draviṇa as fullness of being, Savitṛ as right impulsion of works, Bhaga as rightful share under ṛta
Bhaga and ratnadhā imply ṛta as right apportioning and right placing of powers in the being.
Treasures become satya when ‘placed’—made stable rather than transient experiences.
Solar impulsion (Savitṛ) establishes forms and treasures; the divine economy distributes portions for harmony.
Vedic integralism: prosperity as consciousness-wealth; dharmic proportion and preservation.
morning (Savitṛ impulse)
Sun = awakening impetus; jewels = concentrated realizations; home = stable inner habitat; fire = guardian will.
- What is the primary Vedic 'mythologem' present in this verse?
- The mythologem is 'the divine giver who also guards': Agni grants treasures and governs riches, but only to the prepared and serving being, and then protects that attainment in the inner home. Wealth is redefined as spiritual substance and stable capacity.
- How does the linguistic structure reflect Proto-Indo-European roots?
- Bhaga from √bhaj 'share' aligns with the pervasive IE notion of 'portion' allotted by a divine distributor (typologically widespread in IE religions). The agent-noun formations (-dāḥ, -dhāḥ) show productive Indo-Aryan derivation from older verbal systems.
- What is the relationship between the Rishi and the Devata here?
- The rishi frames a covenant: preparation (araṃkṛta) and service (avidhat) invite Agni’s gifts; the same Agni then becomes pāyuḥ, the guardian of what is gained. The reciprocity is discipline → gift → protection, all within ṛta.
Cultivate readiness (araṃkṛta) and receptivity; feel Agni giving inner wealth, Savitṛ placing it as stable realization, Bhaga distributing right shares, and Agni guarding the inner home.
Anahata (treasure in the heart; home-guard) with Ajna (Savitṛ’s placing/clarity)
Slow coherent breathing (e.g., 5–5) while visualizing a steady flame in the heart; on inhale receive ‘ratna’, on exhale offer gratitude and set protection.
Receptive, grateful, safeguarded; stable inner prosperity.
Before seeking outer gain, prepare inwardly; ask for the right resources and the right share; end by invoking protection of the mind’s ‘home’ against distraction and leakage of energy.
Let the first pāda be inviting (gift), second bright (Savitṛ), third benevolent (Bhaga), final protective and settled (pāyuḥ dame); observe udātta marks.
Accentuate: draviṇodā́, araṃkṛ́te, savitā́, ratnadhā́, bhágaḥ, nṛpaté, īśiṣé, pāyúḥ, dáme.
draviṇodā: keep retroflex ṇ; long ā at end, araṃkṛte: anusvāra ‘ṃ’ light; kṛ with vocalic ṛ, savitā: v is soft; long ā, ratnadhā: dental t; dh aspirated; long ā, nṛpate: vocalic ṛ; dental t, pāyuḥ: long ā; final ḥ audible
Warm, clear, protective; slightly softer on the last pāda as if sealing the inner home.
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