Rig Veda 10.85.33: Mandala 10, Sukta 85, Mantra 33
Sukta 10.85
- Rishi
- sūryāsāvitrī
- Devata
- maṅgala/saubhāgya of the bride
- Chandas
- anuṣṭup
- Rasa
- Shringara (love) and Shanta (peace)
सुमङ्गलीरियं वधूरिमां समेत पश्यत । सौभाग्यमस्यै दत्त्वायाथास्तं वि परेतन ॥
sumangalī́r iyáṃ vadhū́r imā́ṃ sametá páśyata | saúbhāgyam asyái dattvā́yāthā́staṃ ví paráitaná ||
ఇక్కడ సమేతమై ఈ మంగళమయమైన వధువును చూడండి. ఆమెకు సౌభాగ్యశక్తిని ప్రసాదించి, ఆపై మీ మీ గృహాలకు వెళ్లండి; ఆశీర్వాదం ఆమెలో స్థిరంగా నిలిచియుండుగాక.
Word by Word
- सु-मङ्गलीः
- auspicious (women), very fortunateAdjectiveस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचनRole विशेषण (कर्तृ/कर्म-सम्बन्धे) — ‘इयम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्Root मङ्गल (प्रातिपदिक) + सु- (उपसर्ग/पूर्वपद)
- इयम्
- this (woman)Pronounस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचनRole कर्तृ (पश्यत इत्यस्य) / निर्देश्य-विषयःRoot इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
- वधूः
- brideNounस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचनRole कर्तृ (पश्यत इत्यस्य) / ‘इयम्’ इत्यस्य समानाधिकरणम्Root वधू (प्रातिपदिक)
- इमाम्
- this (one), herPronounस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचनRole कर्म (पश्यत इत्यस्य)Root इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
- सम्-एत
- let her come together / approachVerbलोट् (आज्ञार्थे), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचनRole क्रिया (वधूः/इयम् इत्यस्य)Root इ (धातु) — ‘ए’ (गत्यर्थः) + सम्- (उपसर्ग)
- पश्यत
- behold, look (at her)Verbलोट् (आज्ञार्थे), मध्यमपुरुष, बहुवचनRole क्रिया (श्रोत्रादीन् प्रति); कर्म = ‘इमाम्’Root दृश् (धातु)
- सौभाग्यम्
- good fortuneNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचनRole कर्म (दत्त्वाय इत्यस्य—‘to give’ what?)Root सौभाग्य (प्रातिपदिक; सु- + भाग्य)
- अस्यै
- to herPronounस्त्रीलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी, एकवचनRole सम्प्रदान (दत्त्वाय—‘to her’)Root इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
- दत्त्वाय
- for giving (to bestow)Verbal derivative (purpose-infinitive) / Indeclinableअव्यय; प्रयोजनार्थे ‘दातुम्/दाने’Role प्रयोजन (उद्देश्य) — ‘सौभाग्यम् … दत्त्वाय’Root दा (धातु) → दत्त्व (क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय/कृदन्त-आधार) + -य (वैदिक प्रयोजन/अर्थे)
- अथ
- thenIndeclinableअव्ययRole सम्बन्ध/अनुक्रम-सूचकRoot अथ (निपात)
- आस्तम्
- remain/abide (be seated/settled)Verb (Vedic form)वैदिक-रूपम्; आज्ञार्थ/विध्यर्थ-सम्बद्धः (स्थातुम्/आसीनं भवतु इत्यर्थः)Role क्रिया (सम्बद्धा ‘वि परेतन’ इत्यनेन—‘then remain/abide’)Root अस् (धातु) — ‘आस्’ (उपवेशन/स्थितौ) / वैदिक प्रयोगः ‘आस्तम्’ = ‘आसताम्/आसीत’ इत्यर्थे (स्थापन/स्थितिः)
- वि
- apart, forthIndeclinableअव्ययRole क्रियाविशेषण (परेतन इत्यस्य)Root वि (उपसर्ग/निपात)
- परेतन
- go forth, departVerbलोट् (आज्ञार्थे), मध्यमपुरुष, बहुवचनRole क्रिया (श्रोत्रादीन् प्रति) — ‘depart/go forth’Root इ (धातु) — ‘ए’ (गत्यर्थः) + परा- (उपसर्ग)
Sandhi Notes
- पदच्छेदः (वैदिक-सन्धि-विच्छेद): सु-मङ्गलीः | इयम् | वधूः | इमाम् | सम्-एत | पश्यत | सौभाग्यम् | अस्यै | दत्त्वाय | अथ | आस्तम् | वि | परेतन । मुख्य-सन्धयः: (1) मङ्गलीरियम् → मङ्गलीः + इयम् (विसर्ग-लोप/रकारादेशः वैदिकपाठे) । (2) वधूरिमाम् → वधूः + इमाम् (विसर्गस्य रुत्व/रकार-प्रवृत्तिः) । (3) समेत → सम् + एत (उपसर्ग-सन्धिः; म् + ए → मे) । (4) दत्त्वायाथ → दत्त्वाय + अथ (आ + अ → आ; संहितायां ‘-याथ’) । (5) तं वि → तद्-सम्बद्धं ‘आस्तम्’ इत्यत्र
- ‘आस्तं वि’ संहितायां पदक्रमः। (6) परेतन = परा + एतन (उपसर्ग-सन्धिः; आ + ए → ए) ।
The meaning
Outer meaning
All gather and behold the auspicious bride; having bestowed good fortune upon her, depart to your homes, leaving the blessing settled with her.
Inner meaning
The ‘bride’ is the receptive nature being consecrated to a higher union. The community of powers (thoughts, impulses, supportive forces) is asked to witness the new harmony (sumaṅgalī) and then withdraw—i.e., after the rite of consecration, outer interference should cease so the inner good fortune (saubhāgya: the right share of felicity and harmony) can stabilise within the being.
Universal truth
True blessing is not mere excitement or public approval; it is an inner settling of harmony. After a consecration, one must allow silence and space so the gained harmony can take root.
Themes
Benediction, Auspiciousness, Community witnessing, Integration
The seer
- Rishi
- Sūryāsāvitrī (Sūryā Sāvitrī)
- Other hymns
- Rig Veda 10.85.1-47
Significance
The solar seer frames marriage as a rite of illumination: to ‘behold’ is to bring the act into the light of consciousness, so auspiciousness becomes a stable inner power rather than a social formality.
The deity
- Devata
- Maṅgala / Saubhāgya (Auspiciousness as operative power)
- Epithets
- sumaṅgalī (abounding in auspicious harmony), saubhāgya-dātrī (bestower of felicity)
- Related deities
- Bhaga (distributor of portions), Aryaman (harmonic law), Savitṛ (impeller of right action), Śrī/Lakṣmī (later resonance of fortune)
Cosmic role
Sets the pattern of harmony and fortunate order in a new life-formation; establishes concord.
Inner power
A settling influence that makes the nature luminous, protected, and inwardly ‘fortunate’—aligned to right relation and right destiny.
In ritual
Where it is used
Vivāha: public viewing/blessing of the bride and formal conclusion of the gathering
सु॒म॒ङ्ग॒लीरि॒यं व॒धूरि॒मां स॒मेत॒ पश्य॑त । सौभा॑ग्यमस्यै द॒त्त्वायाथास्तं॒ वि परे॑तन ॥
सु॒ऽम॒ङ्ग॒लीः । इ॒यम् । व॒धूः । इ॒माम् । स॒म्ऽएत॑ । पश्य॑त । सौभा॑ग्यम् । अ॒स्यै॒ । द॒त्त्वाय॑ । अथ॑ । अस्त॑म् । वि । परा॑ । इ॒त॒न॒ ॥
su-maṅgalīḥ | iyam | vadhūḥ | imām | sam-eta | paśyata | saubhāgyam | asyai | dattvāya | atha | astam | vi | parā | itana
32
4×8
Celebratory yet composed; a public blessing that resolves into closure (‘depart’).
Creates uplift and then quiet settling; good for sealing intentions and ending ceremonies.
- सु-मङ्गलीः (su-maṅgalīḥ)
- Literal: very auspicious, full of good harmony. Symbolic: a nature harmonised for the divine work; sattwic alignment
- वधूः (vadhūḥ)
- Literal: bride. Symbolic: receptive force of the being ready for union with higher consciousness
- समेत (sam-eta)
- Literal: come together, assemble. Symbolic: gathering of supportive inner powers; collective witness
- पश्यत (paśyata)
- Literal: behold. Symbolic: conscious recognition; making the transformation explicit to awareness
- सौभाग्यम् (saubhāgyam)
- Literal: good fortune, felicity, rightful share. Symbolic: inner felicity and harmonious destiny-force; the ‘portion’ of the Divine Bliss in life
Public acclamation and benediction of the bride; social witnessing that seals the rite and installs saubhāgya as a stable force.
After blessings are pronounced; as the assembly disperses
Darśana (beholding) + āśīrvāda (blessing) + visarjana (dismissal)
maṅgala ‘auspicious harmonizing good’ is linked to well-being and successful integration. saubhāgya from su- + bhāga: bhāga ‘portion/share’ (√bhaj ‘to apportion’) becomes ‘felicity as right distribution’—psychologically, the right allotment of energies in the being. sam-eta (sam + √i ‘to go’) indicates convergence into unity.
Bhaga as distributor of right shares (order/harmony), Stabilization of blessing through collective speech-act
Maṅgala is ṛta made pleasant and stable in life-relations.
To ‘behold’ is to confirm in consciousness what is true and to let the untrue fall away by departure.
Stabilisation after manifestation: blessing is ‘given’ and then allowed to settle (ni-viś / sthā).
Integral-psychological Vedism: auspiciousness as a real force of consciousness, not merely omen.
dawn-to-day transition (symbolic)
Illumination reveals the new state; then energies return to their places, leaving a settled harmony within.
- What is the primary Vedic 'mythologem' present in this verse?
- The mythologem is ‘bestowal of Bhaga’: felicity is not luck but a divine apportioning that makes the new union viable. The community’s seeing (paśyata) is a ritualized ‘recognition’ that fixes the bride’s maṅgala as an established power.
- How does the linguistic structure reflect Proto-Indo-European roots?
- √bhaj ‘to share/apportion’ has broad IE parallels in the semantics of division and allotment; the Vedic development into Bhaga (a divine distributor) shows mythic personification of an abstract social-cosmic function.
- What is the relationship between the Rishi and the Devata here?
- The seer’s speech orchestrates a transfer: saubhāgya is ‘given’ (dattvāya) as a power. Devatā here is not merely invoked but installed—language functions as consecration that anchors Bhaga’s ordering force in the bride.
Invite auspicious harmony into the receptive nature; then allow it to settle without mental noise.
Anāhata (harmony/relationship)
4-4-6 breathing (inhale-hold-exhale) for 7 cycles; repeat ‘sumaṅgalīr iyaṃ…’ on exhale
Uplifted serenity; blessed composure
Visualise a luminous ‘bride’ within—your receptive mind-heart—clothed in calm light. Offer saubhāgya (a golden settling force) into the heart; then practice silence for a minute, ‘departing’ from commentary and leaving the blessing to remain.
Ṛgvedic svara with gentle rises on key nouns (sumaṅgalīḥ, saubhāgyam).
Let ‘paśyata’ be clear and invitational; soften at ‘vi paretana’ to signal closure/dismissal.
: su-maṅ-ga-līḥ (anusvāra ‘ṅ’ before ‘g’), : va-dhūḥ (aspirate ‘dh’), : sau-bhā-gyam (bh + long ā), : pa-re-ta-na (even vowels)
Bright, benevolent, then gently settling in the last pāda
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