Rig Veda 10.167.2: Mandala 10, Sukta 167, Mantra 2

Sukta 10.167

Rishi: Not securely determinable from the supplied excerpt alone (Mandala 10 late hymns often have variable attributions).

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Likely Triṣṭubh (to be confirmed by metrical scan).

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

स्वर्जितं महि मन्दानमन्धसो हवामहे परि शक्रं सुताँ उप । इमं नो यज्ञमिह बोध्या गहि स्पृधो जयन्तं मघवानमीमहे ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.167.2

Transliteration

svàrjitaṁ máhi mandānáṁ ándhaso havāmahe pári śakráṁ sutā́m̐ úpa | imáṁ no yajñám ihá bodhyā́ gáhi spṛ́dho jáyantaṁ maghávānam īmahe ||

Translation

Мы призываем Могучего, небеса-выигрывающего, ликующего в сущности Сомы; мы зовём Шакру к выжатым возлияниям. Пробудись к этому нашему жертвоприношению здесь и приди; мы ищем щедрого Магхавана, победителя над всеми враждебными силами.

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Word by Word

• स्वः-जितम्: heaven-winning, winning the sky
• स्वः-जितम्: विशेषण (of कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वर् (स्वः) + √जि (जये)

• महि: greatly, indeed
• महि: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: महि (indecl.; from मह्/महā ‘great’)

• मन्दानम्: exhilarated, gladdened
• मन्दानम्: विशेषण (of कर्म)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: √मन्द् (मन्दते ‘to be exhilarated, rejoice’)

• अन्धसः: of the soma-juice
• अन्धसः: सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of soma’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्धस् (soma-juice, intoxicating draught)

• हवामहे: we invoke, we call
• हवामहे: क्रिया (यजमानाः as implied कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ह्वे/√ह्वा (ह्वयति/ह्वयते ‘to call, invoke’)

• परि: around, all about
• परि: क्रियाविशेषण/सम्बन्ध (with उप)
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb/preposition)
• Root: परि

• शक्रम्: Śakra (Indra), the mighty one
• शक्रम्: कर्म (object of हवामहे)
• Type: Noun (proper/epithet)
• Root: शक्र (epithet of इन्द्र)

• सुतान्: the pressed (soma-draughts)
• सुतान्: कर्म (object with उप: ‘pressed (somas)’)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: √सु (सुनोति ‘to press’); सुत (pressed)

• उप: near, towards
• उप: क्रियाविशेषण (direction/approach)
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb/preposition)
• Root: उप

• इमम्: this
• इमम्: कर्म (object of बोधि)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्

• नः: for us, of us
• नः: सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध (for us / our)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• यज्ञम्: sacrifice, rite
• यज्ञम्: कर्म (object of बोधि)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ

• इह: here
• इह: अधिकरण (locative sense)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह

• बोधि: take notice!, be aware!
• बोधि: क्रिया (addressed to Indra)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √बुध् (बोधते/बुध्यते ‘to notice, awaken, be aware’)

• आ: hither, towards (us)
• आ: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: आ

• गहि: come!
• गहि: क्रिया (addressed to Indra)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम् (गच्छति ‘to go’)

• स्पृधः: rivals, hostile contenders
• स्पृधः: कर्म (object of जयन्तम्: ‘conquering rivals’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्पृध् (f.) ‘rivalry, contest’; also ‘rivals’ by extension

• जयन्तम्: conquering, victorious
• जयन्तम्: विशेषण (of कर्म)
• Type: Participle
• Root: √जि (जये) ‘to conquer’

• मघवानम्: Maghavan (Indra), the bountiful
• मघवानम्: कर्म (object of ईमहे)
• Type: Noun (proper/epithet)
• Root: मघवन् (epithet of इन्द्र ‘bountiful, munificent’)

• ईमहे: we seek, we implore
• ईमहे: क्रिया (we as kर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √यम्/√इ (Vedic: √ई ‘to seek, request, implore’)