Rig Veda 4.5.4: Mandala 4, Sukta 5, Mantra 4

Sukta 4.5

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Agni (with Varuṇa–Mitra ethical-cosmic frame)

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; verify)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्र ताँ अग्निर्बभसत्तिग्मजम्भस्तपिष्ठेन शोचिषा यः सुराधाः । प्र ये मिनन्ति वरुणस्य धाम प्रिया मित्रस्य चेततो ध्रुवाणि ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.5.4

Transliteration

prá tā́m̐ agnír babhasat tigmá-jambhas tápiṣṭhena śocíṣā yáḥ su-rā́dhāḥ | prá ye minánti váruṇasya dhā́ma priyā́ mitrásya cétato dhruvā́ṇi ||

Translation

Contra eles flameja Agni, de mandíbulas agudas, com o fulgor mais ardente — ele, de obras perfeitas. Ele fere os que diminuem a morada-lei de Varuṇa e perturbam as queridas harmonias firmes de Mitra, que despertam o ser consciente.

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Word by Word

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• तान्: those (them)
• तान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• अग्निः: Agni (Fire-god)
• अग्निः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (prātipadika)

• बभसत्ति: crushes, smites
• बभसत्ति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: भस् (धातु; Vedic present)

• तीग्मजम्भः: sharp-jawed, with fierce teeth
• तीग्मजम्भः: Kartā (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तीग्म-जम्भ (prātipadika; bahuvrīhi/tatpuruṣa compound)

• तपिष्ठेन: with the hottest
• तपिष्ठेन: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तपिष्ठ (superlative adj. from तप्/तपस्)

• शोचिषा: with flame, with blazing light
• शोचिषा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: शोचिस् (prātipadika)

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā (relative)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (relative pronoun)

• सुराधाः: of good bounty, beneficent
• सुराधाः: Kartā (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-राधस् (prātipadika; bahuvrīhi)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• ये: who (those who)
• ये: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (relative pronoun)

• मिनन्ति: they violate, they transgress
• मिनन्ति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: मि (धातु; ‘to diminish/violate’)

• वरुणस्य: of Varuṇa
• वरुणस्य: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: वरुण (prātipadika)

• धाम: abode, ordinance, domain
• धाम: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धामन् (prātipadika)

• प्रियाणि: dear (things), cherished (ordinances)
• प्रियाणि: Karma (with understood noun ‘things’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय (prātipadika)

• मित्रस्य: of Mitra
• मित्रस्य: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्र (prātipadika)

• चेततः: of the observing/attentive (one)
• चेततः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: चेतत् (present participle from चित् ‘to perceive/notice’)

• ध्रुवाणि: firm, fixed, steadfast
• ध्रुवाणि: Karma (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ध्रुव (prātipadika)