Rig Veda 3.53.23: Mandala 3, Sukta 53, Mantra 23
Sukta 3.53
Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional attribution for Maṇḍala 3; late verses of 3.53 are in the Viśvāmitra cycle)
Devata: Indra (context of 3.53 as Indra-associated; this verse functions as ethical/psychological counsel within the Indra hymn complex)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; RV 3.53 predominantly Triṣṭubh; needs metrical verification by syllable count)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
न सायकस्य चिकिते जनासो लोधं नयन्ति पशु मन्यमानाः । नावाजिनं वाजिना हासयन्ति न गर्दभं पुरो अश्वान्नयन्ति ॥
Transliteration
ná sā́yakasya cikite janāso lodháṃ náyanti paśú mányamānāḥ | návā́jinam vājinā́ hāsayanti ná gardabháṃ puró aśvā́n nayanti ||
Translation
Os homens de discernimento não tomam por guia o que não sabe, julgando-o chefe. Não deixam que o forte seja escarnecido pelo forte; não colocam o jumento à frente dos cavalos.
Word by Word
नnot
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निपात)
सायकस्यof the arrow / missile
सायकस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootसायक (प्रातिपदिक)
चिकितेperceives / takes notice
चिकिते:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√चित् (चेतने) → (परि)चिकित्/चिकित् ‘to perceive, notice’
जनासःpeople
जनासः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootजन (प्रातिपदिक) / जनास् (वैदिक बहुवचन-प्रातिपदिक)
लोधम्a clod / lump (obstacle)
लोधम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootलोध (प्रातिपदिक)
नयन्तिlead / drive
नयन्ति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√नी (नयने)
पशुम्cattle / an animal
पशुम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootपशु (प्रातिपदिक)
मन्यमानाःthinking / supposing
मन्यमानाः:
कर्तृ (जनासः का विशेषणम्)
TypeParticiple (Adjectival)
Root√मन् (मन्यते ‘to think, deem’) → मन्यमान (शतृ/शानच्-प्रत्यय, वर्तमान कृदन्त)
नnot
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निपात)
वाजिनम्the prize-winner / swift one (often: steed)
वाजिनम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootवाजिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
वाor
वा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (निपात)
वाजिनाwith a prize-winner / with a swift one
वाजिना:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootवाजिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
हासयन्तिmake (someone) laugh / mock
हासयन्ति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√हस् (हासे) → caus. √हासय्
नnot
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निपात)
गर्दभम्donkey
गर्दभम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootगर्दभ (प्रातिपदिक)
पुरःin front / ahead
पुरः:
अधिकरण (स्थान/दिशा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरस् (अव्ययीभाव/निपात-स्वरूप; ‘in front’)
अश्वान्horses
अश्वान्:
कर्म (द्वितीय कर्म; ‘horses’ as those led ahead)
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
नयन्तिlead / drive
नयन्ति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√नी (नयने)
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