Rig Veda 10.49.11: Mandala 10, Sukta 49, Mantra 11
Sukta 10.49
- Rishi
- As RV 10.49
- Devata
- Indra
- Chandas
- Triṣṭubh
- Rasa
- Shanta (peace) and Vira (heroism)
एवा देवाँ इन्द्रो विव्ये नॄन्प्र च्यौत्नेन मघवा सत्यराधाः । विश्वेत्ता ते हरिवः शचीवोऽभि तुरासः स्वयशो गृणन्ति ॥
evā́ devā́ṃ índro vivyé nṝ́n prá cyautnéna maghávā satyá-rādhāḥ | víśvettā́ te hari-vaḥ śacī-vo ’bhí turā́saḥ sva-yaśo gṛṇanti ||
Assim Indra permeou os deuses e as potências dos homens; pelo seu ímpeto que impele, o Generoso, de cumprimento verdadeiro, realiza em verdade. Por isso todos os fortes, ó Harivan, senhor dos corcéis fulvos, ó Shachivan, possuidor de inteligência eficaz, te cantam — a ti, que resplandeces em glória por ti mesmo.
Word by Word
- एवा
- thus, just soIndeclinableनिपात/अव्ययRoot एव (निपात)
- देवान्
- the godsNounपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; बहुवचनRole KarmaRoot देव (प्रातिपदिक)
- इन्द्रः
- IndraNounपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; एकवचनRole KartāRoot इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
- विव्ये
- has won/has attainedVerbलिट् (परोक्षभूत/परफेक्ट); प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन; परस्मैपदRoot √वी (वे/वय्) ‘to pursue, strive, win’ (परस्मैपद)
- नॄन्
- men, heroesNounपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; बहुवचनRole KarmaRoot नृ (प्रातिपदिक)
- प्र
- forth, forwardIndeclinableउपसर्गRoot प्र (उपसर्ग/निपात)
- च्यौत्नेन
- by (his) might/impulseNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया; एकवचनRole KaraṇaRoot च्यौत्न (प्रातिपदिक) < √च्युत्/च्यु ‘to move, impel’ (वेदिक ‘impulse, might, exertion’)
- मघवा
- the bountiful oneNoun (epithet)पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; एकवचन (वेदिक प्रथमा ‘मघवा’ < मघवान्)Role Kartā (apposition to इन्द्रः)Root मघवन् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘bountiful’
- सत्यराधाः
- of true bounty / truly munificentAdjectiveपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; एकवचन (इन्द्रस्य विशेषणम्)Role Kartā (apposition/qualifier)Root सत्य-राधस् (समास; राधस् ‘gift, bounty, success’)
- विश्वे
- all (of them)Adjective (substantive)पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; बहुवचनRole KartāRoot विश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
- इत्
- indeedIndeclinableनिपात (एव/हि-भावे, ‘indeed’)Root इत् (निपात)
- ते
- of you, yourPronounषष्ठी; एकवचन (एन्क्लिटिक)Role Sampradāna/सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)Root त्वद् (सर्वनाम)
- हरिवः
- O bay-horsed oneNoun (vocative epithet)पुंलिङ्ग; सम्बोधन; एकवचनRoot हरिवत्/हरिवन् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘having bay horses’
- शचीवः
- O mighty/skillful oneNoun (vocative epithet)पुंलिङ्ग; सम्बोधन; एकवचनRoot शचीवत्/शचीवन् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘possessing śacī (power/skill)’
- अभि
- towards, untoIndeclinableउपसर्गRoot अभि (उपसर्ग/निपात)
- तुरासः
- the swift ones / overcomersNoun/Adjective (substantive)पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; बहुवचनRole KartāRoot तुर (प्रातिपदिक) ‘swift, overcoming’
- स्वयशः
- self-gloriousAdjectiveपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; बहुवचन (तुरासः-विशेषणम्)Role Kartā (qualifier)Root स्व-यशस् (समास; यशस् ‘fame, glory’)
- गृणन्ति
- praise, sing (to)Verbलट् (वर्तमान); प्रथमपुरुष; बहुवचन; परस्मैपदRoot √गॄ/गृ (गृण्) ‘to sing, praise’
Sandhi Notes
- संहिता-पाठः: ‘नॄन्प्र’ = ‘नॄन् + प्र’ (व्यञ्जन-संधि; न् + प्)
- ‘विश्वेत्ता’ = ‘विश्वे + इत् + त’ (निपात ‘इत्’ संलग्न; ‘ए + इ’ संधि से ‘ए’ दीर्घ/स्थिर, ततः ‘त्’ परे ‘त्त’)
- ‘शचीवो॒ऽभि’ = ‘शचीवः + अभि’ (विसर्ग-संधि: अकारादौ ‘ः’ → ‘ओ’ + अवग्रह)
The meaning
Outer meaning
Thus Indra has pervaded gods and men; by his impulsion the bountiful one fulfils truly. Therefore all strong ones sing to him, the lord of tawny steeds, possessor of effective intelligence, self-glorious.
Inner meaning
Indra’s illumination is not sectional: it permeates all divine powers and human faculties, coordinating them by a forward-driving energy (cyautna). When this impulsion governs, fulfilment becomes truthful (satya-rādhāḥ)—results match the soul’s aim, not desire’s distortion. Hence all the vigorous parts of the being (turāsaḥ) naturally turn to praise the inner Indra, the self-luminous leader of dynamic energies (hari).
Universal truth
Integration is a sign of true progress: when a higher intelligence permeates the whole system, the being’s powers spontaneously align and celebrate the governing truth.
Themes
Indra’s universal pervasion, truth-accomplishing power, collective praise of the victorious
The seer
- Rishi
- As in RV 10.49
- Other hymns
- Rig Veda 10.49
Significance
A summarizing seal: it describes the hallmark of Indra’s action—pervasion and truthful fulfilment—useful as a concluding affirmation in recitation/meditation.
The deity
- Devata
- Indra
- Epithets
- Maghavā, Hari-vā, Śacī-vān, Satyarādhāḥ
- Related deities
- All Devas (as coordinated powers), Agni, Soma
Cosmic role
Integrator and fulfiller: he spreads through the pantheon of powers and ensures true accomplishment.
Inner power
Pervasive illumination that coordinates faculties and converts aspiration into reliable attainment.
In ritual
Where it is used
Concluding Indra-stuti verse
ए॒वा दे॒वाँ इन्द्रो॑ विव्ये॒ नॄन्प्र च्यौ॒त्नेन॑ म॒घवा॑ स॒त्यरा॑धाः । विश्वेत्ता ते॑ हरिवः शचीवो॒ऽभि तु॒रास॑: स्वयशो गृणन्ति ॥
ए॒व । दे॒वान् । इन्द्रः॑ । वि॒व्ये॒ । नॄन् । प्र । च्यौ॒त्नेन॑ । म॒घऽवा॑ । स॒त्यऽरा॑धाः । विश्वा॑ । इत् । ता । ते॒ । ह॒रि॒ऽवः॒ । श॒ची॒ऽवः॒ । अ॒भि । तु॒रासः॑ । स्व॒ऽय॒शः॒ । गृ॒ण॒न्ति॒ ॥
eva | devān | indraḥ | vivye | nṝn | pra | cyautnena | magha-vā | satya-rādhāḥ | v iśvā | it | tā | te | hari-vaḥ | śacī-vaḥ | abhi | turāsaḥ | sva-yaśaḥ | gṛṇanti
44
4 × ~11
Conclusive, declarative triṣṭubh; balanced and affirming.
Gives closure and integration; leaves the listener with a unified, uplifted state.
- विव्ये (vivye)
- Literal: has pervaded, entered everywhere. Symbolic: illumination spreading through all parts—no compartment left unconscious
- देवान्… नॄन् (devān… nṝn)
- Literal: gods and men. Symbolic: higher faculties and human instruments (mind-life-body) brought into one governance
- च्यौत्नेन (cyautnena)
- Literal: by impulsion, driving energy. Symbolic: push of evolutionary force; dynamic tapas of the illumined mind
- मघवा (maghavā)
- Literal: bountiful. Symbolic: giver of inner riches—light, strength, joy
- सत्यराधाः (satyarādhāḥ)
- Literal: whose fulfilment is true. Symbolic: accomplishment aligned with truth-consciousness
- हरिवः (harivaḥ)
- Literal: lord of tawny steeds. Symbolic: master of dynamic life-energies yoked to illumination
- शचीवः (śacīvaḥ)
- Literal: possessed of śacī (power/skill). Symbolic: effective intelligence—knowledge that can act
- स्वयशः (svayaśaḥ)
- Literal: self-glorious. Symbolic: self-luminous consciousness not dependent on outer validation
- तुरासः (turāsaḥ)
- Literal: strong ones, impetuous. Symbolic: energetic faculties when purified: courageous parts of nature that support the quest
Concluding praise (phala-śruti style): affirms Indra’s pervasion and invites collective assent/praise in the rite
As a closing or summative praise in Indra sequences.
Seal the invocation; affirm Indra’s pervasion and invite collective assent of powers.
End a practice session with this verse to consolidate gains and affirm inner coordination.
√vyā (vivye) ‘to pervade, extend’ indicates Indra’s immanence across divine and human strata. cyautna- relates to √cyu ‘to impel, set in motion’ (dynamic drive). śacī is Indra’s special power—effective intelligence/skill—often treated as a shakti-term. satya-rādhāḥ: rādh- ‘success, bounty, accomplishment’—truth-fulfilled action aligning with Satyam/R̥tam.
immanence of divine power (pervasion), satya-rādhā (truth-fulfilment), śacī (effective intelligence)
Pervasion of powers establishes r̥ta as coordinated functioning.
Satyarādhāḥ: fulfilment that is true to the soul’s law.
Unification of multiplicity under a luminous leader; harmony after conquest.
Integral psychology: many faculties become one instrument under higher mind.
Horses = dynamic life-forces; pervasion = light spreading through inner space; sun = self-existent consciousness.
- What is the primary Vedic 'mythologem' present in this verse?
- Not a single exploit but the theological synthesis: Indra as the pervasive victorious power among gods and men, whose action is ‘satya-rādhā’ (truth-fulfilling). It seals the preceding heroic claims by asserting their universal principle: the conquering force is also the truth-accomplishing orderer.
- How does the linguistic structure reflect Proto-Indo-European roots?
- The pervasion verb √vyā expresses a common archaic poetic idea of divine ‘spreading’ through the cosmos. The epithet madha/maghavan ‘bountiful’ parallels IE praise-titles for giver gods. The horse/steed epithet (harivah) fits the IE poetic economy where horses index speed, light, and divine dynamism.
- What is the relationship between the Rishi and the Devata here?
- The ṛṣi shifts from Indra’s first-person declarations to a third-person summation, turning revelation into communal liturgy: ‘all the strong ones praise you’. The devatā becomes the shared inner support of the collective yajamāna-community—divine force recognized, invoked, and affirmed as truth-effective.
Let the sense of a higher intelligence pervade all parts—mind, speech, breath, body—until they feel coordinated.
ājñā (governing integration)
Natural breathing with brief silent pause at pāda ends; feel ‘pervasion’ on inhale, ‘truthful fulfilment’ on exhale.
Integrated quiet strength.
After chanting, scan the body and mind; wherever tension or fragmentation is found, inwardly repeat ‘indraḥ vivye’ to invite pervasion.
Keep clear udātta on indraḥ, vivye, cyautnena, satyarādhāḥ; avoid flattening the final pāda—let it ‘seal’.
Slightly emphasize epithets (harivaḥ, śacīvaḥ) with clean consonants; pause gently after each pāda for integration.
cyautnena : pronounce ‘cyau’ as palatal c+y + au; do not simplify to ‘ch’, maghavā : voiced gh, śacīvaḥ : long ī, svayaśaḥ : keep ‘yaś’ crisp, not ‘yash’ with extra vowel
Clear, even, concluding tone.
Ask anything about this verse
Answers come straight from the texts, with the shlokas they draw on. Ask in your own words.
A free sign-in with Google or Apple keeps your chat saved across web and the app.
Read Rig Veda in the Vedapath app
Scan the QR code to open this directly in the app, with word-by-word meanings, Sanskrit recitation where available, and more.
