Rig Veda 1.44.4: Mandala 1, Sukta 44, Mantra 4

Sukta 1.44

Rishi: Kaṇva (Kaṇva-praskaṇva lineage; attributed to the Kaṇvas for RV 1.44)

Devata: Agni (Jātavedas), as Hotṛ and divine messenger

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (11-syllable pādas; typical for RV 1.44)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

श्रेष्ठं यविष्ठमतिथिं स्वाहुतं जुष्टं जनाय दाशुषे । देवाँ अच्छा यातवे जातवेदसमग्निमीळे व्युष्टिषु ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 1.44.4

Transliteration

śréṣṭhaṃ yáviṣṭham átithiṃ svā́hutaṃ júṣṭaṃ jánāya dāśúṣe | devā́m̐ ácchā yā́tave jā́tavedasam agním īḷe vyùṣṭiṣu ||

Translation

Eu venero Agni, o mais excelente e o mais jovem, o Hóspede bem chamado, oferecido por nossa própria oblação, de bom grado acolhido para o povo que dá. Ele é Jātavedas, capaz de conduzir aqui os deuses; eu o invoco na sucessão das auroras.

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Word by Word

• श्रेष्ठम्: the best
• श्रेष्ठम्: Karma (विशेषणरूपेण ‘अतिथिम्’ विशेषयति)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रेष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक; √श्रि/श्रय् ‘to lean on, excel’ > श्रेष्ठ ‘best’)

• यविष्ठम्: the youngest (most youthful)
• यविष्ठम्: Karma (अतिथिम् विशेषयति)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यविष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक; युव/यव ‘young’ + -इष्ठ superlative)

• अतिथिम्: the guest
• अतिथिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अतिथि (प्रातिपदिक)

• सु-आहुतम्: well-invoked / well-offered
• सु-आहुतम्: Karma (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective (past passive participle)
• Root: आहुत (कृदन्त; आ-√हु ‘to invoke, offer’ + क्त) with उपसर्ग सु-

• जुष्टम्: favored, pleasing
• जुष्टम्: Karma (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective (past passive participle)
• Root: जुष्ट (कृदन्त; √जुष् ‘to enjoy, favor’ + क्त)

• जनाय: for the people / for the folk
• जनाय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (प्रातिपदिक)

• दाशुषे: for the giver / worshipper
• दाशुषे: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun (agent) / Adjective
• Root: दाशुष् (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; √दाश्/दश् ‘to give, worship’ (Vedic) + उष्/वस्-प्रत्यय; ‘giver, worshipper’)

• देवान्: the gods
• देवान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• अच्छा: towards, hither
• अच्छा: (गत्यर्थे उपपद/दिशा-निर्देशः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अच्छा (अव्यय)

• यातवे: to go/come
• यातवे: प्रयोजन/उद्देश्य (to go/come)
• Type: Verb (infinitive)
• Root: या (धातु √या ‘to go’) + तुमुन् (Vedic infinitive: यातवे)

• जातवेदसम्: Jātavedas (Agni, knower of births)
• जातवेदसम्: Karma (अग्निम् विशेषयति/समनाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun (proper/epithet)
• Root: जातवेदस् (प्रातिपदिक; जात ‘born’ + वेदस् ‘knowledge’; epithet of Agni)

• अग्निम्: Agni (fire-god)
• अग्निम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• ईळे: I praise / I invoke
• ईळे: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ईळ्/ईड् (Vedic; ‘to praise, invoke’)

• वि-उष्टिषु: in the dawns / at daybreaks
• वि-उष्टिषु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: उष्टि (प्रातिपदिक; from √वस्/उष् ‘to shine/dawn’ > उषस्-related; ‘dawnings’) with उपसर्ग वि- (distributive/intensive)