Rig Veda 1.23.5: Mandala 1, Sukta 23, Mantra 5

Sukta 1.23

Rishi: Medhātithi Kāṇva

Devata: Mitra-Varuṇa

Chandas: Gāyatrī

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

ऋतेन यावृतावृधावृतस्य ज्योतिषस्पती । ता मित्रावरुणा हुवे ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.23.5

Transliteration

ṛtena yāv ṛtāvṛdhāv ṛtasya jyotiṣaspātī | tā mitrāvaruṇā huve ||

Translation

Eu invoco Mitra e Varuṇa — esses dois que crescem pela Verdade, que ṛta fortalece, senhores da Luz de ṛta, para que o nosso ser seja governado pela lei luminosa.

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Word by Word

• ऋतेन: by/with cosmic order (ṛta)
• ऋतेन: करण (instrumental: ‘by/with ṛta’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (प्रातिपदिक) < √ऋ (गतौ/ऋ- ‘to go, to fit’; semantic ‘cosmic order, truth’)

• या: who (the two)
• या: कर्तृ (of the implied/copular clause) / विशेष्य-संबन्ध (relative pronoun)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वृता: chosen / encompassed
• वृता: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective (participle)
• Root: √वृ (वरणे ‘to choose/cover’) → वृ (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक), past passive participle

• वृधा: strengthening, increasing
• वृधा: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृध्/वर्ध् (प्रातिपदिक ‘वृधा’ = ‘strengthening, increasing’; Vedic adj.)

• वृतस्य: of the ordered/regulated (one/realm)
• वृतस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of the ordered/covered [realm]’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: वृत (प्रातिपदिक; PPP of √वृ ‘covered/ordered/regulated’)

• ज्योतिषस्पती: the two lords of light
• ज्योतिषस्पती: कर्तृ (apposition to ‘या …’)
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: ज्योतिस् (n.) + पति (m.) → ज्योतिष्पति (तत्पुरुष); dual form

• ता: those two
• ता: कर्म (object of ‘हुवे’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• मित्रावरुणा: O Mitra and Varuṇa
• मित्रावरुणा: सम्बोधन (addressed deities)
• Type: Noun (proper deities)
• Root: मित्र (m.) + वरुण (m.) → द्वन्द्व समास; vocative/nom.-dual form

• हुवे: I invoke / I call
• हुवे: क्रिया (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ह्वे/√हू (आह्वाने ‘to call, invoke’)