Varaha Purana 86.37: Adhyaya 86, Shloka 37

Description of Śākadvīpa and Kuśadvīpa

Cosmographic Geography

Devanagari script

तद्यथा सुकुमारी कुमारी नन्दा वेणिका धेनुः इक्षुमती गभस्ति इत्येता नद्यः

Recitation with translationVaraha Purana 86.37

Transliteration

tadyathā sukumārī kumārī nandā veṇikā dhenuḥ ikṣumatī gabhasti ity etā nadyaḥ

Translation

Mianowicie: Sukumari, Kumari, Nanda, Wenika, Dhenu, Ikszumati i Gabhasti - to są owe rzeki.

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Word by Word

• तत्: that/then (as follows)
• तत्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/discourse marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययवत् प्रयोग (correlative ‘that’ in phrase तद्यथा = ‘as follows’)

• यथा: as follows/namely
• यथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/discourse marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उदाहरणार्थ/यथार्थक (as/namely)

• सुकुमारी: Sukumārī (river name)
• सुकुमारी: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; item in list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुकुमारी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; नदी-नाम

• कुमारी: Kumārī (river name)
• कुमारी: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; item in list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुमारी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नदी-नाम

• नन्दा: Nandā (river name)
• नन्दा: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; item in list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नन्दा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नदी-नाम

• वेणिका: Veṇikā (river name)
• वेणिका: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; item in list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेणिका (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नदी-नाम

• धेनुः: Dhenu (river name)
• धेनुः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; item in list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धेनु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; नदी-नाम

• इक्षुमती: Ikṣumatī (river name)
• इक्षुमती: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; item in list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इक्षुमती (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नदी-नाम

• गभस्तिः: Gabhasti (river name)
• गभस्तिः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; item in list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गभस्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; नदी-नाम

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उद्धरण/समाप्तिसूचक

• एताः: these
• एताः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• नद्यः: rivers
• नद्यः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नदी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन

Speaker

Varāha

Tags

• Classical Literature
• Vaishnavism
• Ancient Geography
• Ecological Ethics

FAQs

What is the historical significance of this verse?

River lists are key sources for historical hydronymy and the cultural mapping of landscapes in Sanskrit literature.

Which geographic location is identified?

Multiple river-names are provided; correlating them with modern rivers requires philological comparison across Purāṇic and regional sources.

What is the primary ethical instruction?

While not prescriptive, the emphasis on enumerating rivers reflects their recognized value as life-supporting ecological and cultural assets.