Varaha Purana 75.2: Adhyaya 75, Shloka 2

Description of Jambūdvīpa: its regions, mountains, measurements, and cosmic structure

Devanagari script

यावन्ति चैव वर्षाणि तेषु नद्यश्च याः स्मृताः । महाभूतप्रमाणं च गतिं चन्द्रार्कयोः पृथक् ॥ ७५.२ ॥

Recitation with translationVaraha Purana 75.2

Transliteration

yāvanti caiva varṣāṇi teṣu nadyaś ca yāḥ smṛtāḥ | mahābhūta-pramāṇaṃ ca gatiṃ candrārkayoḥ pṛthak || 75.2 ||

Translation

Opiszę, ile jest lat, oraz rzeki wspomniane w tych regionach; również miary wielkich żywiołów, czyli mahabhutów, oraz osobno drogi Księżyca i Słońca.

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Word by Word

• यावन्ति: as many as
• यावन्ति: विशेषण (Adjectival to वर्षाणि)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यावत् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; विशेषण (correlative)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• एव: indeed
• एव: अवधारण (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अवधारणार्थ (emphasis)

• वर्षाणि: regions/varṣas
• वर्षाणि: कर्म (कर्म/Object; items to be described)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), बहुवचन

• तेषु: in them
• तेषु: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/सप्तमी), बहुवचन

• नद्यः: rivers
• नद्यः: कर्म (कर्म/Object; items to be described)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नदी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• याः: which
• याः: सम्बन्ध (Relative connector)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; सम्बन्धक (relative pronoun)

• स्मृताः: are mentioned/remembered
• स्मृताः: विधेय (Predicate; passive)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्मृ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगे विधेय

• महाभूतप्रमाणम्: measure/extent of the great elements
• महाभूतप्रमाणम्: कर्म (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाभूत + प्रमाण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/द्वितीया), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (महाभूतानां प्रमाणम्)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• गतिम्: motion/course
• गतिम्: कर्म (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/द्वितीया), एकवचन

• चन्द्रार्कयोः: of the moon and the sun
• चन्द्रार्कयोः: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चन्द्र + अर्क (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठीविभक्ति (Genitive/षष्ठी), द्विवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (चन्द्रश्च अर्कश्च)

• पृथक्: separately
• पृथक्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृथक् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, भेदार्थ (separately/distinctly)

Speaker

Varāha

Tags

• Classical Literature
• Vaishnavism
• Ancient Geography
• Cosmography

FAQs

What is the historical significance of this verse?

It reflects a Purāṇic cataloging style that organizes knowledge into time (years), sacred geography (rivers), elemental theory (mahābhūtas), and observational cosmology (lunar and solar courses), illustrating how encyclopedic learning is framed in classical Sanskrit literature.

Which geographic location is identified?

No specific river names or regions are provided in this isolated verse; it functions as a thematic preview of a broader enumeration likely given in adjacent verses.

What is the primary ethical instruction?

The verse does not issue a direct moral directive; its philosophical instruction is epistemic—prioritizing orderly description and remembrance (smṛti) of natural and cosmological structures as part of cultural knowledge transmission.