Kaivalya Upanishad: Verse 2
Sanskrit (Devanagari)
तस्मै स होवाच पितामहश्च श्रद्धाभक्तिध्यानयोगादवैहि ॥२॥
Padapatha (Word Split)
तस्मै । सः । ह । उवाच । पितामहः । च । श्रद्धा-भक्ति-ध्यान-योगात् । अवैहि ॥२॥
IAST Transliteration
tasmai sa hovāca pitāmahaś ca śraddhābhaktidhyānayogād avaihi ||2||
Translation
Do niego zaś Praojciec (Brahmā) rzekł: Poznaj to poprzez wiarę, oddanie i jogę medytacji.
Academic Translation
To him the Grandfather (Brahmā) indeed said: “Know (this) through faith, devotion, and the yoga of meditation.”
Word by Word
tasmaito him
tasmai:
TypeNoun
Roottad (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga/napuṃsakaliṅga; caturthī ekavacana
saḥhe
saḥ:
TypeNoun
Roottad (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga; prathamā ekavacana
haindeed (narrative particle)
ha:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootha (nipāta)
Formavyaya; smṛti/itihāsa-nipāta
uvācasaid
uvāca:
TypeVerb
Root√vac (dhātu)
Formliṭ (perfect); prathamaḥ puruṣaḥ; ekavacana
pitāmahaḥPitāmaha (Brahmā)
pitāmahaḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootpitāmaha (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga; prathamā ekavacana
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (avyaya)
Formavyaya; samuccaya
śraddhā-bhakti-dhyāna-yogātfrom/through faith, devotion, meditation, and yoga
śraddhā-bhakti-dhyāna-yogāt:
TypeNoun
Rootśraddhā-bhakti-dhyāna-yoga (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga; pañcamī ekavacana (ablative: 'from/by means of')
avaihiknow/understand
avaihi:
TypeVerb
Rootava-√i (dhātu)
Formloṭ (imperative); madhyamaḥ puruṣaḥ; ekavacana; parasmaipada
Sandhi Notes
- hovāca → ha + uvāca
- yogād avaihi → yogāt + avaihi (final -t before vowel)
Verse Context
Sādhana for brahmajñāna: śraddhā, bhakti, dhyāna-yogaMahavakya: Supports the means for mahāvākya assimilation (nididhyāsana): faith in the teaching, devotion to truth/guru/Īśvara, and contemplative absorption enabling direct recognition of identity.AtharvaAtharva-veda (Kaivalya Upaniṣad; śākhā attribution not conclusively fixed) ShakhaChandas: Prose (brief upaniṣadic sentence)
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