Rig Veda 8.40.8: Mandala 8, Sukta 40, Mantra 8

Sukta 8.40

Rishi: Nabhāka (traditional)

Devata: Indrāgnī (with rivers as subordinate imagery)

Chandas: Jagatī (probable; needs metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

या नु श्वेताववो दिव उच्चरात उप द्युभिः । इन्द्राग्न्योरनु व्रतमुहाना यन्ति सिन्धवो यान्त्सीं बन्धादमुञ्चतां नभन्तामन्यके समे ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 8.40.8

Transliteration

yā́ nu śvetā́v avo divá ut-cárātá úpa dyúbhiḥ | indrā́gnyor ánu vratám uhā́nā yánti síndhavo yā́nt sīm bandhā́d ámuñcatāṃ nábhantām anyaké samé ||

Translation

Tamte dwa jasne istoty, które wschodzą z nieba i zbliżają się ze swoimi światłami, podążając za prawem Indry i Agniego, rzeki płyną, niosąc swoje wody; niech uwolnią je z więzów; niech inni zostaną rozproszeni na tym samym polu.

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Word by Word

• या: she who / which
• या: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• नु: now; indeed
• नु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु (nipāta)

• श्वेतौ: the two white (ones)
• श्वेतौ: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्वेत (adj. prātipadika)

• अवः: help; aid
• अवः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवस् (n. prātipadika)

• दिवः: of heaven; of the sky
• दिवः: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्यौ/दिव् (f. prātipadika)

• उच्चरात्: rises up; goes forth upward
• उच्चरात्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद्-चर् (धातु: चर् ‘to move/go’)

• उप: towards; near
• उप: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उप (upasarga)

• द्युभिः: with the lights of heaven; with days/sky-lights
• द्युभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्युभ्/द्यु (m. prātipadika ‘daylight, heaven’)

• इन्द्राग्न्योः: of Indra and Agni
• इन्द्राग्न्योः: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र + अग्नि (dvandva)

• अनु: after; according to
• अनु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु (upasarga/avyaya)

• व्रतम्: ordinance; fixed law; command
• व्रतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्रत (n. prātipadika)

• उहाना: bearing; carrying along
• उहाना: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: वह्/ऊह्? (Vedic participial stem उह- ‘to carry/bring along; to convey’)

• यन्ति: they go
• यन्ति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु ‘to go’)

• सिन्धवः: the rivers; streams
• सिन्धवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिन्धु (m. prātipadika)

• यान्त्सीम्: they go indeed / just go
• यान्त्सीम्: —
• Type: Verb + particle
• Root: या (धातु ‘to go’) + सीम् (enclitic particle)

• बन्धात्: from the bond; from confinement
• बन्धात्: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: बन्ध (m./n. prātipadika)

• अमुञ्चताम्: let them release; may they set free
• अमुञ्चताम्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: मुच् (धातु ‘to release’) with preverb अ-? (here augmentless aorist/imperative-like)

• नभन्ताम्: let them burst forth; let them swell/stream
• नभन्ताम्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: नभ् (धातु ‘to burst forth/swell; to spring’)

• अन्यके: in another (place/way)
• अन्यके: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective/Pronoun
• Root: अन्यक (adj./pron. stem ‘other’)

• समे: in the level/plain; in sameness
• समे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: सम (adj. prātipadika)