Varaha Purana 17.59: Adhyaya 17, Shloka 59

King Prajāpāla’s Visit to Sage Mahātapā’s Hermitage and the Doctrinal Praise of Nārāyaṇa

Devanagari script

त्वं विष्णुस्त्वं तथा धर्मस्त्वं जिष्णुस्त्वं पराजितः । अक्षरार्थस्वरूपेण परमेश्वरसंज्ञितः ॥ १७.५९ ॥

Sanskrit recitationVaraha Purana 17.59

Transliteration

tvaṃ viṣṇus tvaṃ tathā dharmas tvaṃ jiṣṇus tvaṃ parājitaḥ | akṣarārthasvarūpeṇa parameśvarasaṃjñitaḥ || 17.59 ||

Translation

Engkaulah Viṣṇu; Engkaulah juga Dharma. Engkaulah Jiṣṇu (Yang Menang); Engkaulah Yang Tidak Terkalahkan. Dalam rupa makna abadi bagi suku kata (akṣara), Engkau dikenali sebagai Parameśvara, Tuhan Yang Maha Tinggi.

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Word by Word

• tvam: you
• tvam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• viṣṇuḥ: Viṣṇu
• viṣṇuḥ: Pradhāna-predicative (विधेय/समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viṣṇu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); predicate nominative

• tvam: you
• tvam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Nominative, Singular

• tathā: also
• tathā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb (क्रियाविशेषण) ‘also’

• dharmaḥ: dharma / righteousness
• dharmaḥ: Pradhāna-predicative (विधेय/समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); predicate nominative

• tvam: you
• tvam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Nominative, Singular

• jiṣṇuḥ: the victorious one (Jiṣṇu)
• jiṣṇuḥ: Pradhāna-predicative (विधेय/समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jiṣṇu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); predicate nominative

• tvam: you
• tvam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Pronoun; Nominative, Singular

• parājitaḥ: unconquered / not defeated
• parājitaḥ: Pradhāna-predicative (विधेय/समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parā-ji (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त) from √parā-ji ‘to defeat’; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); used predicatively

• akṣara-artha-svarūpeṇa: by/with the nature of the meaning of syllables (letters)
• akṣara-artha-svarūpeṇa: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: akṣara (प्रातिपदिक) + artha (प्रातिपदिक) + svarūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); tatpuruṣa chain: akṣarasya arthaḥ; arthasya svarūpam; instrumental of means/characterization

• parameśvara-saṃjñitaḥ: called ‘Parameśvara’
• parameśvara-saṃjñitaḥ: Pradhāna-predicative (विधेय/समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parama (प्रातिपदिक) + īśvara (प्रातिपदिक) + saṃjñita (कृदन्त, √saṃ-jñā)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); past passive participle (क्त) ‘saṃjñitaḥ’ = ‘called’; tatpuruṣa: parameśvara-iti saṃjñitaḥ

Speaker

Varāha (default speaker per dialogue framework; explicit speaker not stated in excerpt)

Tags

• Classical Literature
• Purāṇic Studies
• Vaiṣṇavism
• Sanskrit Philology

FAQs

What is the historical significance of this verse?

It reflects a common Purāṇic strategy of synthesizing deity-identification with ethical order (dharma), while also employing technical Sanskrit terms (e.g., akṣara, artha, svarūpa) that connect devotional literature with broader philosophical and linguistic traditions.

Which geographic location is identified?

No geographic location is named in this verse; the focus is on theological identification and philosophical description.

What is the primary ethical instruction?

The verse frames dharma as inseparable from the supreme principle it addresses, presenting moral order not merely as social rule but as grounded in an ultimate, imperishable foundation.