Mandukya Upanishad: Verse 4

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

स्वप्नस्थानोऽन्तःप्रज्ञः सप्ताङ्ग एकोनविंशतिमुखः प्रविविक्तभुक् तैजसो द्वितीयः पादः ॥४॥

Padapatha (Word Split)

स्वप्न-स्थानः । अन्तः-प्रज्ञः । सप्त-अङ्गः । एकोन-विंशति-मुखः । प्रविविक्त-भुक् । तैजसः । द्वितीयः । पादः ॥४॥

Recitation with translationMandukya Upanishad 4

IAST Transliteration

svapnasthāno ’ntaḥprajñaḥ saptāṅga ekonaviṁśatimukhaḥ praviviktabhuk taijaso dvitīyaḥ pādaḥ ||4||

Translation

Pāda kedua ialah Taijasa: alamnya mimpi, sedar akan dunia batin, mempunyai tujuh anggota dan sembilan belas ‘mulut’, serta menikmati objek-objek halus yang terpisah jelas.

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Academic Translation

The second quarter (pāda) is Taijasa, whose sphere is dream, who is conscious of the internal (subjective) world, who has seven limbs and nineteen mouths, and who enjoys subtle (distinct) objects.

Word by Word

• svapna-sthānaḥ: having the dream-state as its locus
• Type: Adjective
• Root: svapna (प्रातिपदिक) + sthāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः प्रथमा एकवचनम् (विशेषणम्)

• antaḥ-prajñaḥ: inwardly conscious
• Type: Adjective
• Root: antaḥ (अव्यय) + prajña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः प्रथमा एकवचनम् (विशेषणम्)

• sapta-aṅgaḥ: seven-limbed
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sapta (संख्या) + aṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः प्रथमा एकवचनम् (विशेषणम्)

• ekona-viṁśati-mukhaḥ: having nineteen mouths (functions/openings)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ekona (प्रातिपदिक) + viṁśati (संख्या) + mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः प्रथमा एकवचनम् (विशेषणम्)

• pravivikta-bhuk: enjoyer of the subtle (objects)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pra-vi-vic (धातु) → pravivikta (कृदन्त, क्त) + bhuj (धातु) → bhuk (कृदन्त, क्विप्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः प्रथमा एकवचनम् (विशेषणम्); bhuk = ‘भुज्’ धातोः क्विप्-प्रत्ययान्तः

• taijasaḥ: Taijasa (the dream-state self)
• Type: Noun
• Root: taijasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः प्रथमा एकवचनम्

• dvitīyaḥ: second
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dvitīya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः प्रथमा एकवचनम् (विशेषणम्)

• pādaḥ: quarter (aspect)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः प्रथमा एकवचनम्

Sandhi Notes

• svapnasthānaḥ = svapna-sthānaḥ
• antaḥprajñaḥ = antaḥ-prajñaḥ
• saptāṅgaḥ = sapta-aṅgaḥ
• ekonaviṁśatimukhaḥ = ekona-viṁśati-mukhaḥ
• praviviktabhuk = pravivikta-bhuk
• svapnasthāno ’ntaḥprajñaḥ: o ’ = o + a (अवग्रह)

Verse Context

• Ātman as the dream-state experiencer (Taijasa); three states analysis; subtle body (sūkṣma-śarīra) and inner cognition
• Mahavakya: Indirect: supports the discernment leading to ‘Ayam Ātmā Brahma’ by analyzing the Self across waking/dream/deep sleep; not itself a Mahāvākya.
• Atharva
• Atharvaveda (Śaunaka tradition; commonly transmitted without a firmly fixed śākhā attribution) Shakha
• Chandas: Prose