Rig Veda 8.18.13: Mandala 8, Sukta 18, Mantra 13
Sukta 8.18
Devata: Ādityas (implicit protective frame continuing), with rakṣas as adversarial force
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यो नः कश्चिद्रिरिक्षति रक्षस्त्वेन मर्त्यः । स्वैः ष एवै रिरिषीष्ट युर्जनः ॥
Transliteration
yó naḥ káś cid rírīkṣati rakṣastvéna mártyaḥ | sváiḥ ṣá eváiḥ ririṣīṣṭa yúr jánaḥ ||
Translation
Sesiapa pun di antara manusia yang hendak mencelakakan kami dengan tabiat seorang Rākṣasa, dengan kekuatannya sendiri dia sahaja akan dihancurkan; orang yang bengkok memulangkan keganasannya kepada dirinya sendiri.
Word by Word
यःwho (he who)
यः:
कर्तृ (सम्बन्ध-कर्तृ; यः = ‘जो’)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
नःof us / our
नः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive of us)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
कश्चित्anyone, whoever
कश्चित्:
कर्तृ (यः…कश्चित् = ‘whoever’)
TypePronoun
Rootक (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + चित् (निपात)
रिरिक्षतिharms, injures
रिरिक्षति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootरिक्ष् (धातु; ‘हानौ/क्षतौ’—to injure, harm)
रक्षस्त्वेनby demonhood, with a rākṣasa-nature
रक्षस्त्वेन:
करण (by/with demon-nature)
TypeNoun (abstract) / Instrumental phrase
Rootरक्षस् (नपुं.) + त्व (तद्धित; भाव/स्वभाव) → रक्षस्त्व (नपुं.)
मर्त्यःa mortal
मर्त्यः:
कर्तृ (of रिरिक्षति)
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त्य (प्रातिपदिक) < मृ (to die)
स्वैःwith his own (allies/means)
स्वैः:
करण/सह (with his own [people/powers])
TypeAdjective (pronominal)
Rootस्व (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक/विशेषण)
सःhe
सः:
कर्तृ (of रिरिषीष्ट)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
एवindeed, just
एव:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (निपात)
रिरिषीष्टmay he injure / let him be harmed
रिरिषीष्ट:
क्रिया (आशीर्वाद/विधि: ‘let him harm…’)
TypeVerb
Rootरिष् (धातु; ‘हिंसायाम्’—to harm)
युर्जनःthe ally / the yoking man (one who joins with others)
युर्जनः:
कर्तृ/सम्बन्ध (apposition to सः: ‘the yoke-fellow/allying man’)
TypeNoun
Rootयुर्जन (प्रातिपदिक; युज्/युज्-संबद्ध ‘yoking/allying’ + जन ‘people’)
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