Rig Veda 8.12.27 — Mandala 8, Sukta 12, Mantra 27

Sukta 8.12

Devata: Indra (with Viṣṇu as allied power)

Chandas: Gayatri (likely; needs confirmation by metrical count)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यदा ते विष्णुरोजसा त्रीणि पदा विचक्रमे । आदित्ते हर्यता हरी ववक्षतुः ॥

Transliteration

yadā́ te víṣṇur ójasā trī́ṇi padā́ ví-cakrame | ā́d ít te haryatā́ hárī vavakṣatuḥ ||

Translation

Tatkala untukmu Viṣṇu, dengan dayanya, melangkah tiga tapak, maka sesungguhnya kuda-kuda telukmu yang tangkas membawa engkau mara.

Word by Word

• यदा: when
• यदा: Adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा (अव्यय) < यद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) कालवाचक

• ते: of you; your
• ते: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• विष्णुः: Viṣṇu
• विष्णुः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (proper/theonym)
• Root: विष्णु- (प्रातिपदिक)

• ओजसा: by (his/your) might, with strength
• ओजसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: ओजस्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• त्रीणि: three
• त्रीणि: Karma (with ‘पदानि’ understood/expressed next)
• Type: Numeral/Adjective
• Root: त्रि- (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)

• पदा: steps; foot-prints
• पदा: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद- (प्रातिपदिक)

• विचक्रमे: strode forth; took strides
• विचक्रमे: Kriyā (of the kartā ‘विष्णुः’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + क्रम् (धातु) ‘to stride/step’

• आ: forth; then
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• अदित्: then; thereupon
• अदित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अदित् (निपात) < अथ + इत् (Vedic संयोजन) / ‘then, thereupon’

• ते: your
• ते: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• हर्यतौ: the two tawny (ones)
• हर्यतौ: Kartā (of ‘ववक्षतुः’)
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: हर्यत- (प्रातिपदिक; adj. ‘bay-coloured, tawny’)

• हरी: the two Haris; the pair of bay steeds
• हरी: Apposition to kartā (same referent as ‘हर्यतौ’)
• Type: Noun (dual; often ‘the two bays/steeds’)
• Root: हरि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• ववक्षतुः: carried; bore (you)
• ववक्षतुः: Kriyā (kartā = ‘हर्यतौ हरी’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वह्/वह् (धातु) ‘to carry, convey’ (Vedic perfect with reduplication)