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Rig Veda 7.78.4: Mandala 7, Sukta 78, Mantra 4

Sukta 7.78

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (probable)
Devata: Uṣas
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अचेति दिवो दुहिता मघोनी विश्वे पश्यन्त्युषसं विभातीम् । आस्थाद्रथं स्वधया युज्यमानमा यमश्वासः सुयुजो वहन्ति ॥

Transliteration

áceti divó duhitā́ maghónī víśve paśyanty uṣásaṃ vibhātī́m | ā́sthād ráthaṃ svadháyā yujyámānam ā́ yám áśvāsaḥ suyújo váhanti ||

Translation

Puteri Langit yang pemurah telah terjaga; semua memandang Fajar yang bercahaya. Ia menaiki keretanya, memasang kuknya dengan daya tabiinya sendiri; dan tenaga-tenaga yang terpasang baik membawanya maju.

Word by Word
अचेतिhas appeared / has become manifest
अचेति:
Kartā (with subject ‘उषा/दिवो दुहिता’)
TypeVerb
Root√चित् (citi ‘to perceive/notice; to appear as noticed’)
दिवःof heaven
दिवः:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (genitive relation) to ‘दुहिता’
TypeNoun
Rootदिव् (prātipadika: दिव्/द्यौ ‘sky, heaven’)
दुहिताdaughter
दुहिता:
Kartā (subject of अचेति) / also of विभातीम् (as Uṣas)
TypeNoun
Rootदुहितृ (prātipadika ‘daughter’)
मघोनीthe bountiful (one)
मघोनी:
Viśeṣaṇa of Kartā
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootमघोनी (prātipadika; epithet ‘bountiful, rich in gifts’)
विश्वेall (beings/people)
विश्वे:
Kartā (subject of पश्यन्ति)
TypePronoun/Adjective used substantively
Rootविश्व (prātipadika ‘all’)
पश्यन्तिsee
पश्यन्ति:
Kriyā (with kartā ‘विश्वे’ and karma ‘उषसम्’)
TypeVerb
Root√पश् (to see)
उषसम्Dawn (Uṣas)
उषसम्:
Karma (object of पश्यन्ति)
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (prātipadika ‘Dawn, Uṣas’)
विभातीम्shining forth
विभातीम्:
Karma-viśeṣaṇa (qualifier of the object) / also indicates action ‘shining forth’
TypeKṛdanta (present participle)
Root√भा (to shine) with vi-
आस्थात्mounted / stood upon
आस्थात्:
Kriyā (kartā = Uṣas implied)
TypeVerb
Root√स्था (to stand) with ā-
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
Karma (object of आस्थात्: ‘mounted the chariot’)
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (prātipadika ‘chariot’)
स्वधयाby her own power
स्वधया:
Karaṇa (means: ‘by/with her own power/impulse’)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधा (prātipadika ‘own power/impulse; inherent might; (also) ritual ‘svadhā’)
युज्यमानम्being yoked / being harnessed
युज्यमानम्:
Karma-viśeṣaṇa (qualifier of ‘रथम्’: ‘being yoked/being harnessed’)
TypeKṛdanta (present passive participle)
Root√युज् (to yoke) (passive/ātmanepada participial formation)
आhither / towards
आ:
— (modifies verb वहन्ति: ‘hither/unto’)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (preverb/indeclinable)
यम्which
यम्:
Karma (relative object of वहन्ति; refers to रथम्)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (relative pronoun)
अश्वासःhorses
अश्वासः:
Kartā (subject of वहन्ति)
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व (prātipadika ‘horse’)
सुयुजःwell-yoked
सुयुजः:
Kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa (qualifier of the subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु- + युज् (prātipadika ‘well-yoked, well-harnessed’)
वहन्तिcarry / convey
वहन्ति:
Kriyā (kartā = अश्वासः; karma = यम्/रथम्)
TypeVerb
Root√वह् (to carry, convey)
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