Rig Veda 6.73.2: Mandala 6, Sukta 73, Mantra 2
Sukta 6.73
- Rishi
- Bharadvāja Bārhaspatya
- Devata
- Bṛhaspati
- Chandas
- Triṣṭubh
- Rasa
- Vira (heroism) and Shanta (peace)
जनाय चिद्य ईवत उ लोकं बृहस्पतिर्देवहूतौ चकार । घ्नन्वृत्राणि वि पुरो दर्दरीति जयञ्छत्रूँरमित्रान्पृत्सु साहन् ॥
janā́ya cid yá ī́vate u lokáṃ bṛ́haspátir deváhūtau cakā́ra | ghnán vṛtrā́ṇi ví púro dardarīti jáyañ chátrūn amítrān pṛtsú sā́han ||
Bahkan bagi insan yang berusaha pun, Bṛhaspati telah menjadikan suatu dunia dalam seruan ilahi. Menumpaskan para penghalang, dia meremukkan kubu-kubu; menewaskan musuh, dia mengatasi dalam pertempuran.
Word by Word
- जनाय
- for (the) people, to mankindNounपुंलिङ्ग; चतुर्थी-एकवचनRole सम्प्रदानRoot जन (प्रातिपदिक) < √जन्
- चित्
- even, indeedIndeclinableनिपात; अर्थे ‘अपि/एव’Root चित् (निपात) अथवा √चित् (अव्यय-प्रयोग)
- यः
- whoPronounपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचनRole कर्तृ (सम्बन्ध-प्रवर्तक)Root यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
- ईवत
- so great, mighty (of such measure)Adjectiveपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; ‘यः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्Role कर्तृ-विशेषणRoot ईवत् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ईव’ + मतुप्/वतुप्-प्रत्यय)
- उ
- indeed, verilyIndeclinableनिपात; बल/अन्वयार्थकRoot उ (निपात)
- लोकम्
- world, realmNounपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचनRole कर्मRoot लोक (प्रातिपदिक)
- बृहस्पतिः
- BṛhaspatiNoun (proper)पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचनRole कर्तृRoot बृहस्पति (प्रातिपदिक)
- देवहूतौ
- at the divine invocation/call (in the rite)Nounस्त्रीलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-एकवचनRole अधिकरणRoot देवहूति (प्रातिपदिक; देव + √हू ‘आह्वाने’ + क्तिन्)
- चकार
- made, fashionedVerbलिट् (परस्मैपद); प्रथम-पुरुष; एकवचनRole क्रियाRoot √कृ (करणे)
- घ्नन्
- smashing, slayingVerb (participle)पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; वर्तमानकालिकः शतृ; ‘बृहस्पतिः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्Role कर्तृ-विशेषणRoot √हन् (हिंसागत्योः) — शतृ (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
- वृत्राणि
- Vṛtras, obstructersNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-बहुवचनRole कर्मRoot वृत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
- वि
- apart, asunderIndeclinableउपसर्ग; ‘विभाग/विस्फोट’ अर्थेRoot वि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
- पुरः
- fortresses, strongholdsNounस्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-बहुवचन (वैदिके ‘पुरः’ रूपम्)Role कर्मRoot पुर्/पुर (प्रातिपदिक; ‘fort, stronghold’)
- दर्दरीति
- splits open, shattersVerbलट्; प्रथम-पुरुष; एकवचन; (वैदिक-रूप) ‘he splits/tears open repeatedly’Role क्रियाRoot √दृ (विदारणे/भेदने) — देसिदेरटिव/इटि-प्रयोगः (वैदिक)
- जयन्
- conqueringVerb (participle)पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; वर्तमानकालिकः शतृ; ‘बृहस्पतिः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्Role कर्तृ-विशेषणRoot √जि (जये) — शतृ (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
- शत्रून्
- enemiesNounपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-बहुवचनRole कर्मRoot शत्रु (प्रातिपदिक)
- अमित्रान्
- foes, non-friendsNounपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-बहुवचनRole कर्म (शत्रून् इत्यस्य विशेषण/समनार्थक-द्वितीयम्)Root अमित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
- पृत्सु
- in battlesNounस्त्रीलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-बहुवचनRole अधिकरणRoot पृत्/पृत्स् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘battle, contest’)
- साहन्
- overpowering, prevailingVerb (participle)पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; वर्तमानकालिकः शतृ; ‘बृहस्पतिः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्Role कर्तृ-विशेषणRoot √सह् (सहने/अभिभवे) — शतृ (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
Sandhi Notes
- Sandhi resolution (pada-splitting): जनाय चिद्य ईवत उ लोकं बृहस्पतिर्देवहूतौ चकार → जनाय | चित् | यः | ईवत् | उ | लोकम् | बृहस्पतिः | देवहूतौ | चकार
- घ्नन्वृत्राणि → घ्नन् | वृत्राणि
- वि पुरो → वि | पुरः (Vedic acc.pl. of पुर् ‘fort’)
- जयञ्छत्रूँरमित्रान्पृत्सु साहन् → जयन् | शत्रून् | अमित्रान् | पृत्सु | साहन्
- Accent marks are preserved from the saṃhitā text but not re-applied per pada here
The meaning
Outer meaning
Even for the striving man, Bṛhaspati has made a world in the divine calling. Smiting the obstructers, he shatters the strongholds; conquering foes, he prevails in battles.
Inner meaning
For the one who makes effort (īvata), Bṛhaspati creates a loka—an inner ‘world’ or stable plane of consciousness—through devahūti, the call to the divine. He strikes vṛtrāṇi (coverers) and breaks the puras (fortresses): psychological formations of ignorance, fear, and inertia that hold the light captive. The ‘battles’ (pṛtsu) are the recurring conflicts in the seeker’s nature; Bṛhaspati’s weapon is the truth-word that dislodges false structures and establishes a new inner order.
Universal truth
A sincere call to the higher can create a new inner world; truth-speech and right understanding dismantle entrenched resistance and make progress victorious over repeated inner conflicts.
Themes
mantra efficacy, victory over obstruction, spiritual warfare, creation of ordered space
The seer
- Rishi
- Bharadvāja Bārhaspatya
- Lineage
- Bharadvāja
- Other hymns
- RV 6.73.1-3, RV 2.23 (Bṛhaspati series, parallel tradition)
Family tradition
Seer-line that treats mantra as world-making (loka-kṛt): speech aligned to ṛta builds inner realms and breaks the cave of obstruction.
Significance
The rishi emphasizes sādhanā realism: the ‘world’ is made for the striving one, and resistance must be actively broken by truth-vision.
The deity
- Devata
- Bṛhaspati
- Epithets
- Loka-kṛt (world-maker, implied), Vṛtra-ghna (smiting coverers, implied), Puraṃdara (fort-breaker motif, parallel to Indra)
- Related deities
- Indra (parallel fort-breaker), Agni (aspiration), Sarasvatī (inspired flow of speech)
Cosmic role
Opens the path by the power of brahman; establishes a luminous field for the sacrificer; destroys obstructive powers.
Inner power
Constructive intuition: builds a coherent inner space (loka) and simultaneously deconstructs ignorance-structures (puras).
In ritual
Where it is used
Bṛhaspati offerings for success of rite and removal of obstacles; invoked to secure a ‘loka’ (safe sphere) for the sacrificer.
जना॑य चि॒द्य ईव॑त उ लो॒कं बृह॒स्पति॑र्दे॒वहू॑तौ च॒कार॑ । घ्नन्वृ॒त्राणि॒ वि पुरो॑ दर्दरीति॒ जय॒ञ्छत्रूँ॑र॒मित्रा॑न्पृ॒त्सु साह॑न् ॥
जना॑य । चि॒त् । यः । ईव॑ते । ऊँ॒ इति॑ । लो॒कम् । बृह॒स्पतिः॑ । दे॒वऽहू॑तौ । च॒कार॑ । घ्नन् । वृ॒त्राणि॑ । वि । पुरः॑ । द॒र्द॒री॒ति॒ । जय॑न् । शत्रू॑न् । अ॒मित्रा॑न् । पृ॒त्ऽसु । साह॑न् ॥
janāya | cit | yaḥ | īvate | oṃ iti | lokam | bṛhaspatiḥ | deva-hūtau | cakāra | ghnan | vṛtrāṇi | vi | puraḥ | dardarīti | jayan | śatrūn | amitrān | pṛt-su | sāhan
44
4 × ~11
Alternation of constructive and destructive verbs gives a ‘build-then-break’ cadence.
Instills confidence that inner practice is not vague: it creates a real inner ground and breaks specific resistances.
- ईवते (īvate)
- Literal: strives, makes effort. Symbolic: aspirant’s tapas; persistent inner practice
- लोकम् (lokam)
- Literal: world, realm. Symbolic: stable state/plane of consciousness established within
- देवहूतौ (devahūtau)
- Literal: in the divine calling/invocation. Symbolic: aspiration and mantra-invocation that opens higher response
- वृत्राणि (vṛtrāṇi)
- Literal: coverers/obstructors. Symbolic: subconscient resistance, ignorance, depression, obscuration
- पुरः (puraḥ)
- Literal: forts/strongholds. Symbolic: fixed defensive structures of ego and habitual falsehood
- दर्दरीति (dardarīti)
- Literal: splits, shatters. Symbolic: decisive breaking of inner formations
- शत्रून् / अमित्रान् (śatrūn / amitrān)
- Literal: enemies/hostiles. Symbolic: hostile impulses, perversions, anti-growth tendencies
- पृत्सु (pṛtsu)
- Literal: in battles. Symbolic: inner struggles during transformation
Used to invoke Bṛhaspati for victory in contests, success of mantra and rite, and the opening/creation of a protected 'loka' for the sacrificer.
At moments requiring protection, right formulation, and overcoming opposition to the sacrifice.
Recitation with oblation; establishing sacred space and warding off obstructers.
Use when starting a new discipline: ‘make a world’—set a stable routine/inner space; then identify and break one ‘fortress’ habit at a time.
Key terms: loka- 'world/space' (ordered field) → inner domain created by mantra/invocation. devahūti- 'divine calling' → ritual/psychological act of invoking higher powers. dardarīti intensive of √dṛ 'split' → persistent shattering of resistances. √sah 'prevail, endure' → inner stamina. vṛtra- pluralized as vṛtrāṇi: many forms of obstruction.
creation of inner world (loka), invocation as creative act (devahūti), overcoming obstruction (vṛtra)
Bṛhaspati’s loka is ṛta-made: ordered, coherent, luminous.
Devahūti implies sincerity; truth of aspiration determines the descent of help.
World-making through invocation; speech as creative power that establishes realms.
Vāc-as-brahman trajectory toward Upaniṣadic insight; practical mantra-psychology.
Space/world = stable consciousness-field; forts = hardened samskāras; battle = transformative friction with resistance.
- What is the primary Vedic 'mythologem' present in this verse?
- Bṛhaspati as fortress-breaker and world-maker: he creates a 'loka' for the striving human through divine invocation, then shatters the obstructing strongholds. Inwardly, mantra and aspiration create a protected field of consciousness where resistances can be systematically broken.
- How does the linguistic structure reflect Proto-Indo-European roots?
- The cluster of victory verbs √ji (conquer), √han (smite), √sah (prevail) reflects inherited IE heroic diction. The intensive formation (dardarīti) is typical of early Indo-Aryan expressive morphology used to convey repeated/forceful action, matching the dramatic style of IE battle poetry.
- What is the relationship between the Rishi and the Devata here?
- The rishi portrays Bṛhaspati as responding to human striving (īvate): effort meets grace through devahūti (invocation). The reciprocity is explicit—human aspiration calls; Bṛhaspati creates the inner space and fights the battles within it, enabling the seeker’s progress.
Create an inner ‘loka’: a quiet, luminous room of awareness; then bring one obstruction into that light and let the truth-word dissolve it.
Viśuddha (truth expression) and Anāhata (inner space/field of safety)
Box breathing 4-4-4-4 to ‘build the loka’; then longer exhales to ‘shatter the fort’ (release tension).
From scattered striving to structured aspiration and victorious clarity.
Daily: 2 minutes to establish inner space (loka), 2 minutes to name the day’s main ‘fort’, 2 minutes to call Bṛhaspati and release it into truth-light.
Respect accent marks; keep the verb जोर: चकार / दर्दरीति with clear pitch movement according to svara.
Slight lift on देवहूतौ; articulate the breaking sequence: घ्नन् वृत्राणि | वि पुरो दर्दरीति.
devahūtau: long ū, and au diphthong clean, ghnan: keep nasal + n cluster (gh-nan) without extra vowel, dardarīti: repeat dar- clearly, not ‘dhar’, amitrān: short a- at start, retroflex not needed
Clear, incisive diction; slightly percussive on ‘breaking’ verbs.
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