Rig Veda 4.54.1: Mandala 4, Sukta 54, Mantra 1

Sukta 4.54

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for Mandala 4; hymn 4.54 commonly ascribed to Vāmadeva)

Devata: Savitṛ (solar impeller; Āditya-like power of arousing and directing)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; RV 4.54 is predominantly Triṣṭubh in tradition—verify at pada-count level for critical editions)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अभूद्देवः सविता वन्द्यो नु न इदानीमह्न उपवाच्यो नृभिः । वि यो रत्ना भजति मानवेभ्यः श्रेष्ठं नो अत्र द्रविणं यथा दधत् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.54.1

Transliteration

abhūd devaḥ savitā vandyo nu na idānīm ahna upa-vācyo nṛbhiḥ | vi yo ratnā bhajati mānavebhyaḥ śreṣṭhaṃ no atra draviṇaṃ yathā dadhat ||

Translation

Kini dewa Savitṛ benar-benar patut kita sembah, patut diseru oleh daya-daya insan pada hari ini juga; dia yang membahagi ratna (harta anugerah) kepada para pencari—moga di sini ia menegakkan dalam diri kami kelimpahan draviṇa (kekayaan) yang paling utama.

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Word by Word

• अभूत्: became; came to be
• अभूत्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू

• देवः: the god
• देवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• सविता: Savitar (the impeller)
• सविता: Kartā (देवः सविता = apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सवितृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• वन्द्यः: worthy of praise
• वन्द्यः: Kartā-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √वन्द् → वन्द्य (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)

• नु: now; indeed
• नु: (सम्बन्ध/प्रयोग-निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु

• नः: of us; our
• नः: सम्बन्ध (possessor)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• इदानीम्: now; at this time
• इदानीम्: Adhikaraṇa (time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इदानीम्

• अह्नः: of the day
• अह्नः: सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of the day’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• उपवाच्यः: to be invoked; to be addressed (in worship)
• उपवाच्यः: Kartā-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √वच् → वाच्य (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) + उप

• नृभिः: by men
• नृभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• वि: apart; forth; distributively
• वि: (क्रियाविशेषक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (relative pronoun)

• रत्ना: treasures
• रत्ना: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रत्न (प्रातिपदिक)

• भजति: apportions; distributes
• भजति: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भज्

• मानवेभ्यः: to men; to mankind
• मानवेभ्यः: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानव (प्रातिपदिक)

• श्रेष्ठम्: best
• श्रेष्ठम्: Karma-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रेष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)

• नः: our; of us
• नः: सम्बन्ध (possessor)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: Adhikaraṇa (place)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र

• द्रविणम्: wealth
• द्रविणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रविण (प्रातिपदिक)

• यथा: so that; as
• यथा: (क्रियाविशेषक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा

• दधत्: placing; bestowing
• दधत्: Kartā (participle qualifying the agent)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धा