Rig Veda 4.5.8: Mandala 4, Sukta 5, Mantra 8

Sukta 4.5

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Agni (as revealer/guardian of the hidden step)

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; verify)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्रवाच्यं वचसः किं मे अस्य गुहा हितमुप निणिग्वदन्ति । यदुस्रियाणामप वारिव व्रन्पाति प्रियं रुपो अग्रं पदं वेः ॥

Transliteration

pra-vā́cyaṃ vácasaḥ kíṃ me asyá guhā́ hitám úpa niṇíg vadanti | yád usríyāṇām ápa vā́r iva vrán pā́ti priyáṃ rúpó ágraṃ padáṃ véḥ ||

Translation

Apakah yang wajar diucapkan tentang kata-kataku ini, yang mereka katakan tersembunyi di gua rahsia? Apabila luka itu terbuka bagaikan pintu gerbang ruang yang luas, maka Rupa yang dikasihi menjaga langkah terdepan Sinar-sinar, tempat utama penglihatan.

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Word by Word

• प्रवाच्यम्: to be proclaimed; speakable
• प्रवाच्यम्: Karma (to be spoken/declared)
• Type: Adjective (gerundive) / verbal adjective
• Root: प्र-वच् (वच्) / प्र+वाच्य (कृत्प्रातिपदिक)

• वचसः: of the speech/utterance
• वचसः: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• किम्: what?
• किम्: Karma (what?)
• Type: Pronoun (interrogative)
• Root: किम् (प्रातिपदिक)

• मे: to/for me; my
• मे: Sampradāna/Sambandha (to/for me; of me)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• अस्य: of this (one/thing)
• अस्य: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Pronoun (demonstrative)
• Root: इदम्

• गुहा: secretly; in concealment
• गुहा: Adhikaraṇa (location/manner)
• Type: Indeclinable (adverbial)
• Root: गुहा (अव्यय/निपात; also noun 'cave')

• हितम्: placed; hidden; deposited
• हितम्: Karma/Viśeṣaṇa (that which is placed/hidden)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: धा → हित (PPP; prātipadika 'हित')

• उप: near; towards
• उप: — (upasarga with following verb)
• Type: Preverb/indeclinable
• Root: उप

• निणिग्वदन्ति: they speak/utter (in a murmuring/cryptic way)
• निणिग्वदन्ति: Kriyā (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वद् (with preverb नि-; stem: निणिग्व- as Vedic present formation)

• यत्: which; that
• यत्: Karma/Anvaya-link (that which)
• Type: Relative pronoun
• Root: यद्

• उस्रियाणाम्: of the bright ones (dawn-cows/rays)
• उस्रियाणाम्: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उस्रिया (प्रातिपदिक; 'dawn-cows'/rays)

• अप: away; forth
• अप: — (upasarga with following form)
• Type: Preverb/indeclinable
• Root: अप

• वारिवः: wide space; free course; opening
• वारिवः: Karma (object: 'wide space/opening')
• Type: Noun
• Root: वारिवस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• व्रन्: (he) opens/makes (a way)
• व्रन्: Kriyā (subordinate verb with यत्)
• Type: Verb (finite, archaic Vedic form)
• Root: वृ (वृणोति/वृणक्ति) → व्रन् (Vedic injunctive/aorist-like form; also read as 'व्रन्' from √वृ 'to cover/open' in RV usage)

• पाति: protects; guards
• पाति: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: पा (पालने/रक्षणे)

• प्रियम्: dear; beloved
• प्रियम्: Karma (object of implied/related action; or qualifier of रूपम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)

• रूपः: form; appearance
• रूपः: Kartā (subject, appositional)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रूप (प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्रम्: the foremost; the first point
• अग्रम्: Karma (foremost/first as object/goal)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अग्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• पदम्: step; track; place
• पदम्: Karma (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद (प्रातिपदिक)

• वेः: you know; you find/seek
• वेः: Kriyā (addressed action: 'you know/find')
• Type: Verb (finite, archaic Vedic)
• Root: वी (वेति) / or √वय्? (Vedic: वेः as 2nd sg. perfect/aorist-like)