Rig Veda Sukta 23
Mandala 4Sukta 2311 Mantras

Sukta 23

Sukta 4.23

Rishi

Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for RV 4.23)

Devata

Indra (implied by Soma-drinking and growth; hymn continues questioning his modes)

Chandas

Triṣṭubh

Himne Triṣṭubh ini menyelami rahsia kebesaran Indra yang sentiasa diperbaharui: bagaimana baginda membesar oleh Soma, untuk siapa baginda menerima korban, dan melalui cara-cara apakah baginda menzahirkan diri di tengah para penyanyi. Melalui rangkaian pertanyaan, pujian, dan citra kuasa yang mengembang serta pelepasan yang bercahaya, himne ini berakhir dengan “brahman baharu” yang digubah (nyanyian segar), memohon Indra menambah ilham dan kemenangan bagi penyair.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 4.23

Mantras

Mantra 1

कथा महामवृधत्कस्य होतुर्यज्ञं जुषाणो अभि सोममूधः । पिबन्नुशानो जुषमाणो अन्धो ववक्ष ऋष्वः शुचते धनाय ॥

Bagaimanakah ia membesar menjadi agung, dan bagi pemanggil yang mana, sambil menerima yajña, ia berpaling kepada Soma seperti kepada ambing? Sambil minum, sambil mengingini, sambil menikmati sari perahan yang memabukkan, Yang Tinggi itu bertambah demi kekayaan yang bersinar.

Mantra 2

को अस्य वीरः सधमादमाप समानंश सुमतिभिः को अस्य । कदस्य चित्रं चिकिते कदूती वृधे भुवच्छशमानस्य यज्योः ॥

Siapakah wiranya yang mencapai kegembiraan bersama, yang membahaginya dengan budi yang baik—siapakah miliknya? Keajaiban apakah daripadanya yang dikenali, pertolongan apakah daripadanya, agar ia membesar bagi si pengusaha yang kuat, yang layak dipersembahkan?

Mantra 3

कथा शृणोति हूयमानमिन्द्रः कथा शृण्वन्नवसामस्य वेद । का अस्य पूर्वीरुपमातयो ह कथैनमाहुः पपुरिं जरित्रे ॥

Bagaimanakah Indra mendengar ketika ia diseru; bagaimanakah, sambil mendengar, ia mengetahui perbuatan-perbuatan bantuan? Apakah ukuran dan piawaiannya yang purba—bagaimanakah mereka menyebutnya sebagai sang peminum, bagi si pemuji?

Mantra 4

कथा सबाधः शशमानो अस्य नशदभि द्रविणं दीध्यानः । देवो भुवन्नवेदा म ऋतानां नमो जगृभ्वाँ अभि यज्जुजोषत् ॥

Bagaimanakah sang pengusaha, yang menembusi segala sekatan, dapat mencapai kekayaannya dengan fikiran yang bercahaya? Menjadi bersifat dewa, semoga ia mengetahui kebenaran-kebenaran (ṛta); mengangkat penghormatan (namo), semoga ia diterima dalam apa yang dipersembahkannya.

Mantra 5

कथा कदस्या उषसो व्युष्टौ देवो मर्तस्य सख्यं जुजोष । कथा कदस्य सख्यं सखिभ्यो ये अस्मिन्कामं सुयुजं ततस्रे ॥

Bagaimanakah, dan dengan putaran rahsia apa, pada terbitnya Fajar (Uṣas) ini, sang dewa menerima persahabatan si fana? Bagaimanakah, dan dengan cara apa, ia menjadikan persahabatan itu nyata di antara para sahabat yang di sini telah menghamparkan hasrat yang terpasang dengan benar (pada tujuan ilahi)?

Mantra 6

किमादमत्रं सख्यं सखिभ्यः कदा नु ते भ्रात्रं प्र ब्रवाम । श्रिये सुदृशो वपुरस्य सर्गाः स्वर्ण चित्रतममिष आ गोः ॥

Apakah ikatan persahabatan yang tidak terukur ini bagi para sahabat—dan bilakah sesungguhnya kami akan mengisytiharkan persaudaraanmu? Demi seri, rupa dirinya yang indah-melihat dilepaskan dalam curahan-curahannya; laksana emas langit, paling menakjubkan, ia datang sebagai dorongan Sang Lembu (Cahaya yang bersinar).

Mantra 7

द्रुहं जिघांसन्ध्वरसमनिन्द्रां तेतिक्ते तिग्मा तुजसे अनीका । ऋणा चिद्यत्र ऋणया न उग्रो दूरे अज्ञाता उषसो बबाधे ॥

Ia menajamkan hadapan yang tajam untuk menumpaskan tipu-daya dan serbuan ganas yang tanpa Indra (tanpa cahaya ketuhanan). Bahkan di mana beban-beban permusuhan menekan kami, kuasa yang garang menghalau jauh Fajar-fajar yang tidak dikenal yang hendak menghalang—maka Fajar yang sejati pun menembus.

Mantra 8

ऋतस्य हि शुरुधः सन्ति पूर्वीॠतस्य धीतिर्वृजिनानि हन्ति । ऋतस्य श्लोको बधिरा ततर्द कर्णा बुधानः शुचमान आयोः ॥

Kerana milik ṛta (Kebenaran kosmik) itulah kubu-kubu purba; fikiran ṛta menewaskan segala kebengkokan. Ucapan ṛta menembusi ketulian; membangunkan telinga, ia menyucikan dalam ketabahan daya-hayat yang sekeras logam.

Mantra 9

ऋतस्य दृळ्हा धरुणानि सन्ति पुरूणि चन्द्रा वपुषे वपूंषि । ऋतेन दीर्घमिषणन्त पृक्ष ऋतेन गाव ऋतमा विवेशुः ॥

Teguhlah asas-asas ṛta; banyak dan bercahaya rupa-rupa bagi penzahirannya. Dengan ṛta, yang perkasa memanjangkan jangkauan dorongan yang jauh; dengan ṛta, Lembu-lembu (sinar pengetahuan) memasuki ṛta itu sendiri.

Mantra 10

ऋतं येमान ऋतमिद्वनोत्यृतस्य शुष्मस्तुरया उ गव्युः । ऋताय पृथ्वी बहुले गभीरे ऋताय धेनू परमे दुहाते ॥

Dia yang berpegang pada Ṛta (Kebenaran-Kosmos) memperoleh Ṛta; kekuatan Ṛta menekan mara, mencari kawanan yang bercahaya. Demi Ṛta, Bumi yang luas menjadi melimpah dan dalam; demi Ṛta, dua Sapi-Pemerah di alam tertinggi memerah susunya—aliran kelimpahan.

Mantra 11

नू ष्टुत इन्द्र नू गृणान इषं जरित्रे नद्यो न पीपेः । अकारि ते हरिवो ब्रह्म नव्यं धिया स्याम रथ्यः सदासाः ॥

Kini, dipuji, wahai Indra; kini, dinyanyikan—semoga engkau melimpahkan dorongan bagi penyair, sebagaimana sungai-sungai melimpahkan bahnya. Untukmu, wahai tuan kuda-kuda keperangan, suatu brahman (sabda-kuasa) yang baharu ditempa; dengan dhī (wawasan-batin) semoga kami sentiasa siap di jalan rata dan di laluan pertempuran.

Inside Sukta 23

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    The hymn opens with wonder and inquiry: how Indra became great, for which invoker he accepts the sacrifice, and how he turns to Soma like an udder (RV 4.23.1).

  2. Development

    Questions broaden into reflections on Indra’s bonds—friendship, brotherhood, and the outpouring of radiant form—linking divine power with luminous release and human aspiration.

  3. Climax

    The poet pivots from inquiry to effective invocation: Indra is praised and asked to ‘swell’ the singer’s iṣ like rivers in flood, marking the hymn’s decisive request for empowered inspiration (RV 4.23.11).

  4. Where it settles

    It closes by presenting a newly forged brahman (mantric formulation) and a wish for steady readiness—vision-led competence for journey and contest—under Indra’s protection and drive.

The deity: Indra

  • In the VedaIndra is hailed as the Soma-drinker who waxes in might, accepts the yajña, and brings shining wealth and victorious impetus to his praisers; he is repeatedly approached through question-and-praise to reveal how his power is released.
  • Cosmic functionChampion of cosmic order by overcoming obstruction, releasing the flow (waters/impulses), and empowering the world of light and the community through strength, rain, and victory.
  • Inner significanceThe awakened will and courageous intelligence that, nourished by inner ‘Soma’ (delight/clarity), breaks inertia, releases creative energy, and turns inspiration into effective action.

The seer

  • Vāmadeva GautamaGautama gotra (Vāmadeva of the Gautamas) · A major seer of Maṇḍala 4, renowned for powerful Indra-hymns and for the introspective, questioning style that turns praise into inquiry about divine action and human inspiration.

Famous verses

abhi somam ūdhaḥ (toward Soma as toward an udder)
Verse 4.23.1Sets the hymn’s signature tone: a questioning devotion that asks how Indra’s greatness is nourished by Soma and aligned with the hotṛ and yajña, framing Indra as the power that ‘increases’ for shining wealth.Read verse 4.23.1 →
किमादमत्रं सख्यं सखिभ्यः कदा नु ते भ्रात्रं प्र ब्रवाम । श्रिये सुदृशो वपुरस्य सर्गाः स्वर्ण चित्रतममिष आ गोः ॥
Verse 4.23.6Highlights the relational and luminous dimension—measureless comradeship and ‘brotherhood’—and evokes the radiant ‘outpourings’ of divine form connected with the Cow/light symbolism that often marks revelation and abundance.Read verse 4.23.6 →
brahma navyam (a new word of power)
Verse 4.23.11The culminating prayer: having praised Indra, the poet asks for iṣ (impulsion) to swell like rivers and offers a ‘new brahman,’ crystallizing the hymn’s ritual purpose—empowered inspiration and victorious readiness.Read verse 4.23.11 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Soma-drinker who ‘grows’ in power
  • Bestower of iṣ (impulsion/inspiration) and dhana (wealth)
  • Warrior-force that overcomes obstruction
  • Friend and ally of the singer (sakhya/brotherhood motif)
  • Radiant, swift, associated with tawny steeds (harivaḥ)

Also by this seer

  • Primary attribution for much of Rig Veda Maṇḍala 4 (Vāmadeva’s family book)
  • Several Indra-centered sūktas in RV 4 associated with the Gautamas
  • Tradition remembers him as a paradigmatic ṛṣi whose hymns emphasize dhī (visionary thought) and brahman (mantric formulation) as means to draw divine force

The rite, step by step

  • Prepare the altar and kindle Agni; establish ṛta through opening recitations.
  • Press Soma (or prepare its substitute where applicable) and purify it; invite Indra to the offering.
  • Recite the hymn as stuti/śastra: first questioning Indra’s growth and choice of the hotṛ, then turning to direct praise and request.
  • Offer Soma with accompanying ghee oblations; reinforce the bond of friendship (sakhya) through repeated invocations.
  • Conclude with the ‘new brahman’—a freshly fashioned mantra—requesting iṣ (impulsion) and readiness for the ‘battle-path’ (rathya).

Offerings

  • Soma (primary)
  • Ghee/ājya oblations
  • Optional: milk/curds as supportive offerings in Indra rites
  • Dakṣiṇā (fee/gift) to priests in full ritual contexts

Frequently Asked Questions

It asks how Indra becomes great through Soma and sacrifice, then turns that inquiry into praise and a request that Indra increase the poet’s inspiration, prosperity, and power to overcome obstacles.

In Vedic style, questioning is a way of drawing the deity nearer—probing Indra’s ‘modes’ of action so the singer can align the ritual, the hymn (brahman), and the inner intention (dhī) with Indra’s power.

It means a freshly fashioned sacred formulation—a new hymn or mantra—offered to Indra so that the singer receives renewed iṣ (driving inspiration) and readiness for the challenges of life and ritual contest.

Ask anything about Sukta 23 of the Rig Veda

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