Rig Veda 10.176.3: Mandala 10, Sukta 176, Mantra 3

Sukta 10.176

Rishi: Same sukta context (10.176).

Devata: Agni/Hotṛ-function (the divine priestly power), with chariot imagery.

Chandas: Likely Triṣṭubh (verify per edition).

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अयमु ष्य प्र देवयुर्होता यज्ञाय नीयते । रथो न योरभीवृतो घृणीवाञ्चेतति त्मना ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.176.3

Transliteration

ayám u ṣyá prá devayúr hótā yajñā́ya nīyate | rátho ná yór abhīvṛ́to ghṛṇī́-vāñ cetati tmánā ||

Translation

Inilah dia—Hotṛ yang mencari para dewa—dibawa ke hadapan untuk yajña. Seperti kereta yang terlindung rapi pada laluannya, bersinar dengan bara semangat, ia bergerak oleh kesedaran batinnya sendiri, memimpin upacara sebagai kuasa yang sedar.

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Word by Word

• अयम्: this (one)
• अयम्: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• उ: indeed / surely
• उ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उ (nipāta)

• ष्य: just / now / verily
• ष्य: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ष्य (nipāta; Vedic particle)

• प्र: forth / forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• देवयुः: god-seeking; devoted to the gods
• देवयुः: Kartā (apposition to अयम्)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: देवयु (prātipadika; from देव + यु ‘seeking/longing’)

• होता: the Hotṛ-priest (invoker)
• होता: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: होतृ (prātipadika; agent noun from √हु ‘to sacrifice/offer’)

• यज्ञाय: for the sacrifice
• यज्ञाय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (prātipadika)

• नीयते: is led / is conducted
• नीयते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √नी (नयति) with passive formation; with preverb implied by context (प्र-)

• रथः: a chariot
• रथः: Kartā (of implied comparison-clause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (prātipadika)

• न: like / as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (upamā-nipāta)

• योर्: of/in which two (i.e., between the two)
• योर्: Adhikaraṇa (locative sense: ‘in/at which two’) / or Sambandha (genitive sense: ‘of which two’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: योर् = योर् (gen./loc. dual of relative pronoun य-)

• अभीवृतः: enclosed / surrounded
• अभीवृतः: Kartā (qualifier of the subject, esp. रथः / or the priest)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: अभि-√वृ (to cover/enclose) → क्त (past passive participle) ‘अभीवृत’

• घृणीवान्: glowing; ardent; radiant
• घृणीवान्: Kartā (qualifier of the subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: घृणीवत् (prātipadika; possessive in -वत् from घृणी ‘heat, glow, ardor’)

• चेतति: moves/acts; becomes manifest
• चेतति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √चित् (चेतति ‘perceives/appears/comes to notice’; Vedic usage also ‘moves/acts with awareness’)

• त्मना: by himself; with his own self (of himself)
• त्मना: Karaṇa (instrumental: ‘by/with himself; of his own accord’)
• Type: Noun (instrumental of manner)
• Root: त्मन् (prātipadika; Vedic for आत्मन् ‘self’)