Rig Veda 1.62.8: Mandala 1, Sukta 62, Mantra 8

Sukta 1.62

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Āṅgirasa)

Devata: Indra (hymn context), with cosmological depiction of Uṣas/Night and Dyāvā-Pṛthivī

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

सनाद्दिवं परि भूमा विरूपे पुनर्भुवा युवती स्वेभिरेवैः । कृष्णेभिरक्तोषा रुशद्भिर्वपुर्भिरा चरतो अन्यान्या ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.62.8

Transliteration

sanā́d dívam pári bhū́mā vírūpe punár-bhuvā yuvatī́ svébhir évaiḥ | kṛṣṇébhir aktóṣā́ rúśadbhir vápurbhir ā́ carato anyā́nyā ||

Translation

Sejak dahulu kala, Langit dan Bumi—dua rupa yang berlainan—sentiasa diperbaharui kembali; dua anak dara muda itu bergerak menurut dorongan mereka sendiri. Malam, yang disapu kegelapan, dan Fajar, dengan tubuh yang bersinar, berjalan terus—yang satu mengikut yang lain.

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Word by Word

• सनात्: from of old
• सनात्: Adhikaraṇa (temporal) / Apādāna (source in time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सनात् (avyaya; from prātipadika सनातन-/सनात् ‘from of old’)

• दिवम्: the heaven, sky
• दिवम्: Karma (object of implied motion/encircling)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव् (prātipadika: दिव्/द्यौ-)

• परि: around
• परि: — (modifies verbal idea ‘go/roam around’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि (upasarga/avyaya)

• भूम: the earth, the wide expanse
• भूम: Karma (object of implied motion/encircling)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूमन् (prātipadika: भूमन् ‘earth, expanse’)

• विरूपे: the two of differing forms
• विरूपे: Kartā (with युवती; subject)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: वि-रूप (prātipadika: विरूप ‘of different form/appearance’)

• पुनः: again
• पुनः: — (adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः (avyaya)

• भुवा: they two have become / have come to be
• भुवा: — (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (dhātu: भू ‘to be, become’)

• युवती: the two young women
• युवती: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: युवती (prātipadika: युवती ‘young woman’)

• स्वेभिः: with their own (means/powers)
• स्वेभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: स्व (prātipadika: स्व ‘one’s own’)

• एवैः: with (their) courses/impulses
• एवैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: एव (prātipadika: एव ‘impulse, course, going’; Vedic)

• कृष्णेभिः: with dark (ones/things)
• कृष्णेभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृष्ण (prātipadika: कृष्ण ‘black, dark’)

• अक्त: smeared, anointed
• अक्त: — (predicative qualifier)
• Type: Participle
• Root: अञ्ज् (dhātu: अञ्ज् ‘to smear, anoint’) → kṛdanta अक्त (PPP)

• उषाः: Dawn (Uṣas)
• उषाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस् (prātipadika: उषस् ‘Dawn’)

• रुशद्भिः: with shining (ones/things)
• रुशद्भिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective (participle-like)
• Root: रुशत् (prātipadika: रुशत् ‘shining, bright’; from √रुश्/√रुच् ‘to shine’)

• वपुर्भिः: with forms/beauties
• वपुर्भिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: वपुस् (prātipadika: वपुस् ‘form, beauty, body’)

• आ: towards, forth
• आ: — (modifies verb चरतः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (upasarga/avyaya)

• चरतः: they two move/roam
• चरतः: — (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चर् (dhātu: चर् ‘to move, roam’)

• अन्यान्या: one after the other; mutually (each other)
• अन्यान्या: Adhikaraṇa (manner/reciprocity) / Kartā-apposition
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective (reciprocal)
• Root: अन्य (prātipadika: अन्य ‘other’)