Rig Veda 1.23.1: Mandala 1, Sukta 23, Mantra 1
Sukta 1.23
Rishi: Medhātithi Kāṇva (opening of RV 1.23 traditionally under Kāṇva seers)
Devata: Vāyu (often paired with Indra in early soma offerings, though this verse directly addresses Vāyu)
Chandas: Gāyatrī (typical for many opening soma-invitation verses; probable here)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
तीव्राः सोमास आ गह्याशीर्वन्तः सुता इमे । वायो तान्प्रस्थितान्पिब ॥
Transliteration
tīvrāḥ somāsa ā gahy āśīr-vantaḥ sutā ime | vāyo tān pra-sthitān piba ||
Translation
Datanglah, wahai Vāyu: inilah Soma yang tajam dan kuat, diperah dan sarat daya āśīr (aspirasi); minumlah ia sebagaimana telah dihidangkan, dan penuhilah nafas-hidup dengan dorongan cahayanya.
Word by Word
तीव्राःstrong, potent
तीव्राः:
विशेषणम् (कर्तृपद-विशेषणम्) — ‘सोमासः’
TypeAdjective
Rootतीव्र- (प्रातिपदिक; √तिव्/√तिव्र् ‘to be sharp/strong’ > adj. stem)
सोमासःSoma-juices
सोमासः:
कर्तृ (आगच्छन्ति/गच्छन्ति इति अध्याहारः) तथा ‘सुताः’ इत्यस्य विशेष्यः
TypeNoun
Rootसोम- (प्रातिपदिक)
आhither, towards
आ:
क्रियाविशेषणम् (गत्यर्थ-निर्देशकः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/निपात)
गह्यhaving come/approached
गह्य:
पूर्वकालक्रिया (मुख्यक्रियायाः ‘पिब’ इत्यस्य पूर्वकर्म)
TypeVerb (non-finite)
Root√गम् (गच्छ्) + ल्यप् (Vedic absolutive/gerund; RV form ‘गह्य’)
आशीर्वन्तःblessing-bearing, benedictive
आशीर्वन्तः:
विशेषणम् — ‘सोमासः/इमे’
TypeAdjective
Rootआशीर्वन्त् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘with blessing/benediction’)
सुताःpressed (out)
सुताः:
विशेषणम् — ‘सोमासः/इमे’
TypeAdjective/Participle
Root√सु (सुनोति ‘to press’) → सुत- (PPP)
इमेthese
इमे:
कर्तृ/उद्देश्य (निर्देशः) — ‘these (Somas)’
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
वायोO Vāyu
वायो:
सम्बोधन (आह्वानः)
TypeNoun (vocative)
Rootवायु- (प्रातिपदिक)
तान्those
तान्:
कर्म — ‘पिब’
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
प्रस्थितान्set forth, placed (for offering)
प्रस्थितान्:
विशेषणम् — ‘तान्’ (कर्म-विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootप्र + √स्था (तिष्ठति) → प्रस्थित- (PPP)
पिबdrink
पिब:
क्रिया; कर्म = ‘तान्’
TypeVerb
Root√पा (पिबति ‘to drink’)
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