Rig Veda 1.191.4: Mandala 1, Sukta 191, Mantra 4

Sukta 1.191

Rishi: Kutsa Āṅgirasa (traditional attribution for RV 1.191 in many Anukramaṇī traditions; verify against the specific śākhā index used)

Devata: Sūrya/Āditya as the all-seeing power that destroys the unseen (context of adṛṣṭa-han in adjacent verses)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for this section; confirm by syllable count in the full critical recension)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

नि गावो गोष्ठे असदन्नि मृगासो अविक्षत । नि केतवो जनानां न्यदृष्टा अलिप्सत ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.191.4

Transliteration

ní gā́vo goṣṭhé asadanní mṛgā́so avikṣata | ní ketávo jánānāṃ nyàdṛ́ṣṭā alipsata ||

Translation

Biarlah Sapi-sapi (Cahaya) menetap di kandang yang sebenar; biarlah yang liar (dorongan gelisah) ditenteramkan. Biarlah ketajaman tanda (ketu) dalam diri manusia diturunkan ke kejernihan yang hening; biarlah yang tidak kelihatan, yang memusuhi, hilang cengkamannya dan meluncur pergi.

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Word by Word

• नि: down; away; into (as preverb)
• नि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नि (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• गावः: the cows
• गावः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• गोष्ठे: in the cowshed/stall
• गोष्ठे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो-ष्ठ (गो + √स्था/ष्ठा; प्रातिपदिक: गोष्ठ)

• असदन्: sat down; settled
• असदन्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सद् (सीदति) + नि (उपसर्ग)

• नि: down; away
• नि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नि (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• मृगासः: the wild beasts/animals
• मृगासः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृग (प्रातिपदिक)

• अविक्षत: did not stir; were not disturbed
• अविक्षत: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विक्ष्/विक्ष् (विक्षति/विक्षते ‘to be disturbed, to move about, to be agitated’) + अ (निषेध)

• नि: down; away
• नि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नि (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• केतवः: the lights/meteors; (also) banners, signs
• केतवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: केतु (प्रातिपदिक)

• जनानाम्: of the people
• जनानाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (प्रातिपदिक)

• नि: down; away
• नि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नि (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• अदृष्टाः: unseen; not seen
• अदृष्टाः: Kartā (as predicate/qualifier of subject) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √दृश् (पश्यति) → दृष्ट (कृदन्त) + अ- (निषेध)

• अलिप्सत: did not desire/seek (to harm/obtain)
• अलिप्सत: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √लिप्स्/√लिप् (लिप्सते ‘to desire, to long for; to seek to obtain’) + अ (निषेध)