Valmiki Ramayana 2.89.1: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 89, Shloka 1

गङ्गातरणम् · Bharata’s Ferrying of the Army across the Ganga

Devanagari script

उष्य रात्रिं तु तत्रैव गङ्गाकूले स राघवः ।

भरतः काल्यमुत्थाय शत्रुघ्नमिदमब्रवीत् ॥१॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.89.1

Transliteration

uṣya rātriṃ tu tatraiva gaṅgākūle sa rāghavaḥ |

bharataḥ kālyam utthāya śatrughnam idam abravīt ||1||

Translation

Setelah bermalam di situ juga di tebing Sungai Gaṅgā, putera Rāghava tinggal di sana. Pada waktu fajar, Bharata bangun lalu berkata demikian kepada Śatrughna.

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Word by Word

• uṣya: having stayed
• uṣya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vas (धातु)
• Form: Ktvā-anta (absolutive/क्त्वा), irregular form uṣya (< uṣitvā): 'having stayed'

• rātrim: the night
• rātrim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rātri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Dvitīyā (Acc/2nd), Ekavacana

• tu: but / indeed
• tu: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध/भाव)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (nipāta): contrast/emphasis

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb of place (deśa-avyaya)

• eva: only / indeed
• eva: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध/भाव)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (avadhāraṇa-nipāta/अवधारण)

• gaṅgākūle: on the bank of the Ganga
• gaṅgākūle: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaṅgā + kūla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa: gaṅgāyāḥ kūlam; Napuṃsaka, Saptamī (Loc/7th), Ekavacana

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nom/1st), Ekavacana

• rāghavaḥ: Bharata (Raghava)
• rāghavaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nom/1st), Ekavacana

• bharataḥ: Bharata
• bharataḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nom/1st), Ekavacana; apposition to 'rāghavaḥ'

• kālyam: at daybreak
• kālyam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kālya (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Accusative used adverbially (kāla-avyaya-prayoga): 'at dawn'

• utthāya: having risen
• utthāya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ud-√sthā (धातु)
• Form: Ktvā-anta (absolutive/क्त्वा): 'having risen'

• śatrughnam: to Shatrughna
• śatrughnam: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śatrughna (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (Acc/2nd), Ekavacana

• idam: this (speech)
• idam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Sarvanāma; Napuṃsaka, Dvitīyā (Acc/2nd), Ekavacana; object of 'abravīt' (understood 'vākyaṃ')

• abravīt: said
• abravīt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √brū (धातु)
• Form: Luṅ-lakāra (Aorist/लुङ्), Parasmaipada; Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person), Ekavacana

Context

Bharata got up at daybreak after spending the night on the bank of the Ganga at that very place where Rama, the descendent of Raghu, had stayed. And said these words to Satrughna:

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Śatrughna
• Gaṅgā
• Rāghava

FAQs

How does this verse relate to dharma in the Ayodhyā-kāṇḍa narrative?

It sets the scene for Bharata’s next actions, emphasizing disciplined conduct—rising at daybreak and proceeding with purpose—reflecting dharmic steadiness amid crisis.

Where is satya (truth) implied in this verse even though it is not stated explicitly?

The verse introduces Bharata’s forthcoming speech; in the Ayodhyā-kāṇḍa, Bharata’s words and intentions are repeatedly framed by commitment to truthful duty, and this narrative lead-in signals that earnest, truth-aligned counsel is about to follow.