Valmiki Ramayana 2.83.1: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 83, Shloka 1

अयोध्याकाण्डे त्र्यशीति तमः सर्गः · Bharata’s Departure and Encampment on the Gaṅgā

Śṛṅgīberapura

Setting: Ayodhyā (implied, departure point)Departure at dawn toward Rama’s forest abode (Chitrakūṭa in broader context)

Devanagari script

तत स्समुत्थितः काल्यमास्थाय स्यन्दनोत्तमम् ।

प्रययौ भरतश्शीघ्रं रामदर्शनकाङ्क्षया ॥१॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.83.1

Transliteration

tatas samutthitaḥ kālyam āsthāya syandanottamam |

prayayau bharataś śīghraṃ rāmadarśanakāṅkṣayā ||1||

Translation

Kemudian, bangun pada waktu fajar dan menaiki kereta terbaik, Bharata berangkat dengan segera, didorong oleh kerinduannya untuk menatap Rama.

Ask anything about this verse...Ask

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; अनन्तर (then)
• Role: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)

• samutthitaḥ: having risen
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ud-√sthā (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘risen’
• Role: Karta (कर्ता)

• kālyam: at dawn
• Type: Noun
• Root: kālya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कालवाचक (at dawn/early morning)
• Role: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)

• āsthāya: having mounted
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√sthā (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त; ‘having mounted/boarded’
• Role: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)

• syandanottamam: the best chariot
• Type: Noun
• Root: syandana + uttama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; समास: स्यन्दनेषु उत्तमः (सप्तमी/षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष-भाव)
• Role: Karma (कर्म)
• Compound: Tatpurusha

• prayayau: set out
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√yā (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
• Role: Kriyā (क्रिया)

• bharataḥ: Bharata
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
• Role: Karta (कर्ता)

• śīghram: swiftly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: śīghra (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (swiftly)
• Role: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)

• rāmadarśanakāṅkṣayā: with longing to see Rama
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma + darśana + kāṅkṣā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; समास: रामस्य दर्शनस्य काङ्क्षया (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष; ‘by/with longing to see Rama’)
• Role: Hetu (हेतु)
• Compound: Tatpurusha

Sandhi Notes

• kālyamāsthāya → kālyam āsthāya
• bharataśśīghram → bharataḥ śīghram (visarga + ś)

Context

Getting up at dawn, Bharata boarded his excellent chariot and set forth swiftly, longing to see Rama.

The teaching

Right intention must become timely action; rise early, set the means in order, and move swiftly toward dharma.

Ethical theme

Rājadharma (responsible initiative)

How it resolves

Decisive action toward rightful reconciliation

Devotion and practice

Encourages prātaḥ-smaraṇa and purposeful pilgrimage (yātrā) toward the chosen ideal.

Mantra

रामदर्शनकाङ्क्षया (darśana-longing as bhakti seed)

Mood and themes

Rasa

Vira (heroism), with Karuna (compassion)

Mood

Urgent, resolute, devoted

Themes

• Dharma
• Satya
• Renunciation of self-interest
• Devotion
• Itihasa

Symbolism

Cross references

Meter and recitation

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Rama

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is shown as prompt, purposeful action: Bharata does not delay in seeking the rightful person (Rama) to resolve the moral crisis.

What is the narrative situation?

At daybreak Bharata begins his departure, urgently traveling to meet Rama.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Earnestness and integrity—Bharata’s haste reflects moral seriousness rather than political ambition.